“Marriage and what makes a good one?” i Essay

â€Å"Marriage and what makes a decent one?† is a significant subject of Jane Austen’s ‘Pride and Prejudice’ talk about this part of the novel. The epic ‘Pride and Prejudice’ gives numerous thoughts of marriage. It tends to be viewed as a business exchange, a union between families or a social improvement for ladies however it is seen here and there, ‘happiness in marriage is altogether a matter of chance’. As the novel opens we can tell that marriage in the late nineteenth century was primarily based around society; ‘it is a fact generally recognized, that a solitary man possessing a favorable luck, must be in need of a wife.’ We learn in the novel that ladies married for cash or security like Charlotte Lucas however others like Elizabeth and Jane wed for affection. Mr and Mrs Bennet’s marriage was hasty, Mr Bennet was ‘captivated by youth and beauty’ and on account of Mrs Bennet’s ‘weak understanding and close-minded mind’ it ‘put a conclusion to all genuine warmth for her’. Mr and Mrs Bennet’s marriage is a genuine case of what a marriage shouldn’t be, on the off chance that they had hitched for adoration, Mr Bennet wouldn’t utilize his ‘sarcastic humour’ to ‘vex’ his better half. Their awful marriage seriously affects Kitty and Lydia who are ‘two of the silliest young ladies in the country,’ this is brought about by their parents’ absence of direction throughout everyday life and is the purpose behind their unaware conduct and silly nature around men, which later prompts Lydia’s ‘elopement’ with Mr Wickham. Mrs Bennet’s ‘business of life was to get her little girls married,’ and to her it was essential to do this before any other individual. This is the reason when Lydia weds Mr Wickham, Mrs Bennet neglects to see their unacceptability since she is glad to such an extent that her most youthful was hitched; ‘she will be hitched at sixteen.’ Lydia resembles her mom from various perspectives so her union with Mr Wickham will wind up like that of her folks. Lydia and Mr Wickham’s marriage is lopsided so it is impossible that it will last; ‘their elopement had been welcomed on by the quality of her affection, instead of by his’ Jane and Mr Bingley are appropriate on the grounds that Jane consistently observes the best in individuals; ‘never†¦speak sick of a human being’ and Mr Bingley was ‘good looking and gentlemanlike’ with a ‘pleasant face, and simple, unaffected manners.’ Mr Bingley doesn’t care about economic wellbeing; ‘if they had uncles enough to fill all Cheapside it would not make them one scribble less agreeable,’ and he cherishes Jane for what her identity is. Jane has the ‘most tender, liberal heart in the world’ and was ‘all beauty and goodness’ so her and Mr Bingley had the option to conquer their obstructions to be the ideal match. Elizabeth likewise needs to wed for adoration so when Mr Collins proposes to her she dismisses him since she doesn’t love him and he doesn’t notice that he cherishes her. From the start impressions Elizabeth discovers Mr Darcy the ‘proudest, most obnoxious man in the world’ which was in opposition to her ‘lively, fun loving disposition’. Elizabeth is preference against Mr Darcy since he is ‘proud and conceited’ and despite the fact that he accepts that somebody with his high economic wellbeing shouldn’t structure a sentimental connection to somebody of a lower status he ‘began to feel the risk of paying Elizabeth a lot of attention.’ Elizabeth succumbs to Mr Wickham’s charms and accepts his anecdote about Mr Darcy which drives her to detest him as well as to loathe him and when she discovers that it was he who cautioned Mr Bingley off her sister Jane she decides to abhor him significantly more. Mr Darcy proposes to Elizabeth and admits how he ‘admires’ and ‘loves’ her however now in the novel they aren’t fit to one another in light of the fact that the two of them despite everything have limited perspectives. Additionally now in the novel they are both liable of pride and preference. As the novel advances we see that Elizabeth’s preference step by step vanishes and is supplanted with adoration for Mr Darcy, yet by then she thinks it is past the point of no return and that he will never need to wed her after the disgrace Lydia put their family to. Anyway he demonstrates that he isn't ‘proud and conceited’ any longer by taking care of Mr Wickham and when she expresses gratitude toward him thinking all expectation is lost in him regularly requesting that her wed him once more, he does. Charlotte’s thought of marriage is altogether different to that of Jane and Elizabeth; she would prefer to forfeit love for security. She accepts that ‘a lady would be wise to shew more fondness than she feels’ or she may ‘lose the chance of fixing him’. This is the reason she consents to wed Mr Collins who just needs to wed since he figures it will be useful for his picture and she winds up maintaining a strategic distance from him for the duration of the day since he is a ‘pompous’, ‘odious man’. Mr Collins doesn’t give any indication of needing to wed for affection since he first turns his eye to Jane yet when he discovers she is taken, he turns his eye to the following best thing: Elizabeth.ñ‹

History of Modern Psychology: Anna Freud

History of Modern Psychology: Anna Freud Male visionaries commanded in the philosophical commitments to the brain research as a proper order; be that as it may, numerous conspicuous ladies spearheaded significant jobs in brain science history somewhere in the range of 1850 and 1950 (Goodwin, 2005). Freud Sigmund was not just among the Freudian to assemble validity in brain science field, this is on the grounds that Anna Freud-her most youthful little girl took profession in brain research and made significant commitments throughout the entire existence of brain science. The paper will talk about the foundation of Anna, her hypothetical point of view, and the commitments she made to the field of brain research. Anna’s Background Martha and Sigmund had six youngsters, the most youthful was Anna conceived in December 1895. Anna was an underhanded young lady who had extraordinary esteem crafted by her dad (Young-Bruehl, 1988). Nonetheless, she developed separate from her kin and her mom. Sigmund Freud responded Anna’s reverence and at once, he composed of her expressing, â€Å"Anna has turned total wonderful through naughtiness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Boeree, 1998, pg 64) Frequently, Anna talked about her opposition emotions against her sister Sophie-the excellent offspring of Freud and Anna the minds of Freud family. There was a stressed bond among Anna and her mom Martha and different kin in light of the fact that their caretaker, Jose Cihlarz, dealt with them. Anna completed her instruction at Cottage Lyceum in Vienna in 1912 and didn't know about her future way of vocation. Anna made a trip to Britain in 1914 to develop her English abilities however retuned to Vienna after an assertion of war. She got the qu alifications of instructing and began educating at her previous school. She demonstrated extraordinary enthusiasm for the field of youngster brain research in the wake of taking quite a bit of her time instructing and watching her understudies. Anna chose to relinquish being just an educator to support the youngsters and seek after a vocation in the strides of her dad of analysis. Sigmund built up the enthusiasm of Anna in brain research documented at a youthful age of 14 years when he permitted Anna to peruse his works and compositions about therapy. What's more, Sigmund started to break down the fantasies on Anna evening time in 1918, and Anna went with her dad to the 1920 International Psychoanalytic Congress. Anna met a large number of Sigmund’s companions and partners, including Lou Andreas-Salome, the psychoanalyst. Later on Lou turned into a certain of Anna. Vienna Psychoanalytic Society acknowledged Anna as a part after she introduced her Daydreams and Beating Fantasies (Young-Bruehl, 1988). Anna continued going to gatherings of psychoanalytic, followed the distributions and crafted by her dad, broke down patients, and deciphered papers. Anna had built up her job as a significant supporter of the kid brain research field when she started her training in therapy with small kids. Anna showed workshops at Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute and she dis tributed her first work, Technique of Child Analysis. Her dad Sigmund turned out to be extremely sick after he was determined to have disease and experienced a few careful tasks. Sigmund required ordinary nursing to recover. Anna never needed to leave the side of her dad and gave him full-time care of nursing. By and by, Anna figured out how to proceed with her with the kids. Sadly, Sigmund died because of his disease in 1913, nearly a similar time WWII started (Coles, 1992). Anna followed the strides of her dad with analysis, however put her accentuation and spotlight on improving the procedures of learning youngsters rather than grown-ups. She turned out to be completely drenched in planning proficient and viable systems to psychoanalyze youngsters. Current youngster brain science and personality brain science despite everything utilize the methods created by Anna (Young-Bruehl, 1988). Hypothetical Perspective and Contributions of Anna Anna was the replacement of her dad with her work and research in youngster brain science and inner self brain science (Coles, 1992). She stayed legit to her father’s center thoughts and subjects of psychodynamic hypothesis despite the fact that a portion of the adherents of her dad surrendered his convictions. In any case, she for the most part centered around mind elements rather than mind structures. Anna composed and distributed The Mechanisms of Defense and The Ego that gave a depiction how guards work and evidently indicated the inner self is the perception seat from where individuals watch and works for the idea and the oblivious and superego, and study merits in its command. Sense of self brain research generally speaks to the devotees of Anna and Sigmund Freud lessons (Coles, 1992). Present day inner self brain research is faithful to Freud’s work with an establishment of therapy, despite the fact that it is progressively conventional and useful of the personal ity in the use of analysis. Anna Freud coached Erikson Erik, who is mainstream for his extension works in conscience brain research field and analysis (Goodwin, 2005). The mentorship of Anna impact Erik expert and scholarly vocation in brain research. Anna and Erik when he was coaching youngsters in Heitzing School oversaw by Dorothy Burlingham, a long-lasting companion of Anna. Anna saw the dexterous way of Erikson with the kids and gave her enthusiasm for directing Erik to concentrate all the more in regards to kid brain research. As indicated by Young-Bruehl, (1988) the principle energy of Anna was youngster brain research. Anna dedicated most her vitality and time dissecting and examining youngsters enduring injuries, significantly from the impacts of the war. The greater part of the youngsters were inclined to enduring injuries, while others were visually impaired or debilitated. Anna typically expressed that she was upbeat she didn't have her own youngsters, regardless of the years on her life she committed to help kids she scarcely knew. Sigmund had concentrated completely on grown-ups that figured out the memories of adolescence rather than recent developments. The craving of Anna was to work with youngsters experiencing current injuries to forestall any mental difficulties in adulthood (Boeree, 1998). Anna learned youngsters and their own encompassing and turned into a trustworthy advisor in managing the transference challenges. Reports indicated that Anna was a mindful grown-up and was not a substitute watchman, companion, or parent during the meetings of treatment. The procedure of Anna empowered a trusting and stable connection between the kid, the guardians, and the advisor (Coles, 1992). The greatest test in the dropping of Anna was correspondence among the specialist and the kids. It is simple for grown-ups to pass on their considerations, convictions, thoughts and feelings verbally while small kids are bumbling to act so with understanding. She couldn't utilize her father’s fix of conversing with the youngsters, because of their lack of ability to verbalize their thoughts and contemplations. Youngsters appear to communicate their sentiments and feelings more uniquely in contrast to the grown-ups do. This impacted Anna to create methods especially made to support the kids. Anna Freud had the obligation of setting up a war nursery at Hampstead Child Therapy Clinic. She and Dorothy Burlingham run the center and persuaded the youngsters at the nursery to make connections to oversee war injury. Working connected at the hip with the youngsters impacted her to distribute numerous investigations and research concerning kids in worry during wartime, for example, Infants without Families, War and Children, and Young Children in Wartime (Boeree, 1998). She had the option to improve her perception of parental lack in small kids during awful period when vagrants from inhumane imprisonments were placed in Bulldogs Bank home (Boeree, 1998). Anna detailed, examined and watched her results in a test in a gathering childhood that gave report of the children’s normal abilities to make close relations with peers as a substitute of guardians. In 1945, Hampstead nursery shut because of the finish of the war. Soon after this conclusion, Hampstead Child Therapy Clinic and Course opened under Anna’s the executives. The facility offered systematic treatment, guiding, and a preparation in kid treatment and examination (Coles, 1992). The center became biggest and extensive office committed the universes to the treatment and examination of youngsters. Anna filled in as the chief, advisor and preparing examiner of the facility from 1952 until her going in 1982. New York Times gave a statement by Anna about her critical work with the kids: I started as an educator of a primary school. I changed from instructing to youngster examination field. Consequently, I moved persistently to and fro, from the hypothetical research of these difficulties to their application for all intents and purposes. An individual can have uncommon karma to do this, and that numerous individuals wear not have this karma (Goodwin, 2005). End Freud Anna was brought into the world 1895 and passed 1982 (Young-Bruehl, 1988). In those years, Anna made significant commitments in the brain science field. Her expert and scholastic vocation gives her a long ways in grasping the idea of people, mental procedures, feelings and practices in present brain science (Coles, 1992). She suffered being called Sigmund little girl to turn into a noticeable female therapist in a field and period where the men ruled distributions and research. Anna is a genuine replacement of her dad and affected the brain science field as a conventional control with imaginative remedial and perception strategies. Crafted by Anna are verifiable and commendable conversation, regardless of some cutting edge clinician concurring or contradicting any of the Freudian points of view. References Boeree, G. C. (1998). Anna Freud. Character Theories. Recovered from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/annafreud.html Coles, Robert (1992). Anna Freud: The fantasy of therapy. Perusing, MA: Addison-Wesley. Goodwin, C. J. (2005). A past filled with current brain science (second Ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Youthful Bruehl, E. (1988).Anna Freud: A history. New York: Summit Books

Dealing and Coping With OCD on the Job

Dealing and Coping With OCD on the Job OCD Living With OCD Print Dealing With OCD on the Job Protect Your Rights By LuAnn Pierce, LCSW, is a licensed clinical social worker who has worked in the field of mental health and human services for over 25 years. Learn about our editorial policy LuAnn Pierce, LCSW Updated on April 23, 2018 Morgue File More in OCD Living With OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Related Conditions OCD can affect every aspect of life. It is particularly difficult when the symptoms show up on the job. People with OCD need to know about legal protections under the law, what and when to disclose about their condition, what accommodations may be requested and how to protect your rights. The following information is offered as guidance, not legal advice. The Americans With Disabilities Act The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal law that was designed to protect those with disabilities from discrimination. The ADA protects employees with physical or mental disabilities who are able to perform their job with reasonable accommodations. Private and religious employers with 15 or more employees and all public sector employers fall under this federal mandate. The ADA does not specifically identify medical conditions that are covered under the law. The law defines a disability as “a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities” under the ADA Amendments Acts. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has included OCD in its regulations as a condition that substantially limits brain function. Therefore the EEOC suggests that OCD should qualify as a disability. Your employer may ask for documentation from your mental health provider to substantiate your disability. Larger companies usually have policies and procedures outlining how the employer addresses requests for accommodations. If so, it would be helpful to be aware of these before disclosing your OCD as a disability. Reasonable Accommodations It is important to understand that requests for accommodations need to be considered reasonable. According to JAN, this means “any modification or adjustment to a job or the work environment that will enable a qualified applicant or employee with a disability to participate in the application process or to perform essential job functions. Reasonable accommodation also includes adjustments to ensure that a qualified individual with a disability has rights and privileges in employment equal to those of employees without disabilities.” The EEOC states that employers are required to provide reasonable accommodations unless doing so would cause ‘undue hardship’ to the employer. When Accommodations Are Unreasonable Undue hardship is explained as accommodations that would be cost-prohibitive or too difficult given the size or structure of the business. To Disclose or Not to Disclose â€" That is the Question There are risks and benefits to disclosing your mental health condition on the job. If the symptoms interfere with your ability to do your work, you may have to disclose to protect your job. It is wise to do some homework before you disclose. Determine if your employer is covered under the ADASecure documentation of your diagnosis from your medical or mental health provider.Be aware of the possible backlash of disclosure (stigma, judgment, co-worker resentment).Check with your HR Department about policies related to accommodations for disabilities.Decide on what specific reasonable accommodations you need to perform your job better.Think about how much information you want to disclose; develop a brief script with few details about your disability and requested accommodations to share with your supervisor or HR representative. You may want to contact the Job Accommodation Network (JAN) before you talk to your employer. They can advise you about what and how to disclose, and what types of accommodations are usually offered based on your specific needs. You can print information from their website about accommodating mental disabilities to provide to your employer when you disclose. Doing so lets them know that you are aware of your rights and provides them with a resource for determining what accommodations may be reasonable in your situation. JAN consults with employers and employees to work out reasonable accommodations upon request. The services are free of charge as JAN is a part of the US Department of Labor. Discrimination If you believe you have been discriminated against, you may file a claim at the EEOC office nearest you. In some cases, you have only 180 days to file. The claim will be investigated, which can take a long time. People who file claims are also protected legally from retaliation for making a claim. While it is difficult to prove retaliation, it happens. Document any concerns and report these to the EEOC.

Essay about Sa Sa Cosmetics †Analyzing Competition

SA SA COSMETICS – Analyzing Competition Sa Sa Cosmetics is a very successful Hong Kong based discount cosmetics retailers. The case describes how Sa Sa became successful, culminating in its IPO in 1997. Since then, however, its fortunes have declined somewhat. The case discusses recent initiatives that were undertaken to sustain growth momentum. Sa Sa also undertook some marketing research studies. The research findings appear to confirm that Sa Sa may have some major problems. As 2001 comes to a close, Sa Sa contemplates what else can be done to improve profitability and keep on growing. 1. What were the reasons for Sa Sa’s early success? SA SA was creating value for its customers by providing them with quality products at a fair†¦show more content†¦In early days the Sa Sa operated as a family-run culture, help retain them but afte the IPO, when Sa Sa changed strategy to be creating value for the Shareholders hard to imitate: it was not hard to imitate as evidenced by the whole slew of competitier copied once known. non-substitutable-yes, there were various product segments/tiers; Sa Sa focused top brand names Core Products Business Units End products Porters 5 forces: Industry Rivalry: Concentration: Diversity of the Competitors Product Differentiation Excess Capacity Exit Barriers Cost Conditions Supplier Power Threat Of Entry Buyer Power Threat of substitute What changes have occurred in the stores since Sa Sa’s early success? (Not including the strategic issues outlined in Figure A.) Sa Sa was able to offer the cosmetics at a cheaper prices than competitors combined with the sales team able to help the customers with personal needs and using customer insights to buy/stock the inventories, Sa Sa had built unique value for the customers. Since the IPO, many new competitors (bonjour and rainbow) have entered the market. They are able to copy the core competency that was first developed by Sa Sa. Additionally very well known drugstores (Watson’s and Manning’s), have started offering the cosmetics! Both have used the existing infrastructure and corporate capital resource to position themselves as significantShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing - Case O F Sa Sa3097 Words   |  13 PagesExecutive Summary This paper discusses the strategic marketing of Sa Sa International Holdings Limited, a leading beauty retail and service group in Asia by analyzing its competitive advantages, marketing strategies, industry environment, major challenges and followed by some problem solvers. Sa Sa has four major competitive advantages. First, she can offer competitive prices for her long-term relationship with suppliers. Besides, excellent service with number of recognized winning awards accountsRead MoreBusiness Case: Marketing Research for Customers Segmentation12172 Words   |  49 PagesOriflame-Belarus grew rapidly for the last 5 years through providing existing sales force with a range of beauty products (mainly cosmetics) of mass-market segment. The last two years are characterized with declining of sales of Oriflame-Belarus and loosing 1.4% of market share. External objective reasons for seeking for roots of the problem in inadequate STP policy of the Company are: Cosmetic market of Belarus in very good growing. 6% per year is forecasted in 20112013; No one competitor lost such a huge marketRead MoreMarketing Plan: Maybellines New Perfume5503 Words   |  23 PagesMarketing Plan: Maybelline’s new perfume The University of Sheffield Marketing Management (MTG 2410) Blagoy Savov (BS11124) 21 August 2012 Abstract LOreal’s Maybelline, a global, mass market cosmetic manufacturer, has decided to develop and market a new fragrance for women. This report includes research, analysis and evaluation of the market environment for female fragrances. Furthermore, it outlines a marketing strategy for the new product which describes the marketing mix to be used by MaybellineRead MoreMarketing Plan: Maybellines New Perfume5492 Words   |  22 PagesMarketing Plan: Maybelline’s new perfume The University of Sheffield Marketing Management (MTG 2410) Blagoy Savov (BS11124) 21 August 2012 Abstract LOreal’s Maybelline, a global, mass market cosmetic manufacturer, has decided to develop and market a new fragrance for women. This report includes research, analysis and evaluation of the market environment for female fragrances. Furthermore, it outlines a marketing strategy for the new product which describes the marketing mix to be used by MaybellineRead MoreStrategic Management Nestle3616 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction This report will focus on Nestle SA and will look into the industry the company is competing in. Based on various strategic analysis models the report will evaluate why the company has been so successful over the past century and how is Nestle managing to sustain constant growth and achieve great performance in the food and beverage industry. Company Background The Nestle Company started in 1866 with a one man’s idea and then it turned into one of the world’s biggest corporationsRead MoreProject Management6389 Words   |  26 PagesAcme Home Improvement de Mexico, SA de CV Expansion Project Plan Project Masters, LLC Tyler M. Falcone Chanda M. Morris Sean P. Riley Michael S. 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Many famous companies sell their cosmetic products online also in countries in which they do not have representatives. Aesop is the trading name of a range of skin care products from Australian company Aesop Retail Pty Ltd. Aesop was founded by hairdresser Dennis Paphitis in 1987 in the city of Melbourne. It is an Australian based super premium cosmetic company thatRead MoreZara vs. Hm5217 Words   |  21 Pages15 17 17 18 2 Introduction For this term paper, our group will be comparing two companies, HM and Zara, and their marketing strategies and taking the information we compile and developing a new marketing plan for one company. We will be analyzing each company’s marketing strategy individually and then comparing them to see which company has the best marketing strategy. From there, our team will then develop a new marketing plan for one of the companies. 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Let America Be America Again by Langston Hughes - 946 Words

Name Instructor Course Date of submission Let America Be America Again By Langston Hughes Theme: Freedom In his poem, let America be America again, Hughes focuses on American freedom and equality. His concern was on the socio-economic division in the American society. Relating the American declaration at independence, Hughes observes that the road to achievement of equality and freedom lost. The country has become corrupt and its leaders and businessmen are greedy. The grabbed land and gold making them wealthier during the common American citizen; the Negros, red Indians, the poor whites and immigrants lavish in poverty (Schmidt, and Lynne, 776). They have not achieved the American promise of freedom. Hughes wrote the poem with the†¦show more content†¦Freedom is not a racial thing but for every citizen whose life has been affected by the path taken by the American development. The America projected while freedom was a country of hope, equality and freedom (Schmidt, and Lynne, 776). The American freedom was not on gender and race only but a freedom that spread its wings to emb race economic freedom and equality. However, the current America is not a country that many including Hughes anticipated. A class system is the division is the classification system in the modern America; millions are drowning in the lake of poverty while a few one percent are floating in the cream of wealth. It is this inequality that Hughes wants addressed; it is the equitable distribution of resources that make him concerned for the poor American citizen; either of African, Indian, polish, Irish and English descent. These are the people who left their ancestral home to come and realize their dream of a happy life in America. They are the people who bear scars of slavery and those who toil with machines (line 20 amp; 32), these who were fooled and pushed apart by the greedy and selfish bourgeoises. Hughes seeks the freedom these people who are poor and hungry despite the American dream of achieving human happiness by eradicating all forms of human misery.Show MoreRelatedThe Poem Let America Be America Again By Langston Hughes1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe poem â€Å"Let America Be America Again,† by Langston Hughes, brings up two sides to the discussion about what America means to people. It discusses the fact that to some people, America is an amazing land, where people are free from oppression and have rights. The poem, however, does not neglect the fact that there are people who have never experienced those freedoms and rights, nor does it neglect the fact that the people who have not experienced those rights also live in America. The issue aboutRead MoreLangston Hughes Let America Be America Again Poem Analysis1122 Words   |  5 Pagessociety and speak out against them in hopes of reaching equality for all. Langston Hughes used his voice in poetry to express his experience as a black man in the United States during the Civil Rights Movement, and his is a household name. There is no doubt that his words have power. The reader expects to feel h is experience and gain empathy and understanding through his poetry. In his poem, â€Å"Let America Be America Again,† Hughes presents his experience of American life in a powerful contrast to theRead MoreEssay on Idealism in Let America Be America Again by Langston Hughes815 Words   |  4 PagesIdealism in Let America Be America Again by Langston Hughes      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the poem Let America Be America Again, Langston Hughes paints a vivid word picture of a depressed America in the 1930s. To many living in America, the idealism presented as the American Dream had escaped their grasp. 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Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of what African Americans, like himself, had to go throughRead MoreDreams in Langston Hughes Poems1401 Words   |  6 Pages Langston Hughes’ challenging background, ethnicity, and era of life can all be thought of reasons as to why his style of writing relates among discrimination and unsettling topics. Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of wha t African Americans, like himself, had to go through and what they hadRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s The Crucible 872 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica today, is looked at to be the most â€Å"free† country’s to live in. To many people in today’s society, they see America as a great place to live and that you can accomplish or get anything that the person wants. However, there are some key points that Langston Hughes shows in his two poems that can show a reader how America being perfectly â€Å"free† is not the case. Langston Hughes makes three key points in Open Letter to The South and Let America Be America Again, which are America’s equality,Read MoreLangston Hughes : A Modernist1222 Words   |  5 PagesSappington 13 Apr. 2017 Langston Hughes: A Modernist Credited as being the most recognizable figure of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes played a vital role in the Modernist literary movement and the movement to revitalize African American culture in the early 20th century. Hughes’s poems reflect his personal struggle and the collective struggle of African Americans during this cultural revival. Langston Hughes’s life contained key influences on his work. As a child, Hughes witnessed a divorceRead MoreFreedom In Langston Hughess Let America Be Again1251 Words   |  6 PagesOne of Langston Hughes’s most famous poems is, â€Å"Let America Be Again†. It is quite long, and full of expressions about freedom and equality between white and black people. Among the great writer of his time, he inspired others, people to find their freedom. His poems revealed his steadfast admiration for black, especially the poor. Hughes shows all the different community and races in America and, how the rich and powerful overpowering them all. This research paper is to relate the theme, voice

Cfcs Cause Deterioration Of The Ozone Layer Essay Example For Students

Cfcs Cause Deterioration Of The Ozone Layer Essay Cfcs Cause Deterioration of the Ozone LayerThe deterioration of the ozone layer , caused by Cfcs, endangers thelives of humans. Cfcs have a diminishing effect on the ozone layer. Furthermore, the deterioration of the ozone cause an increase of Ultraviolet(UV) radiation which can have a negative effect on human skin and eyes. As awriter for newsweek, I have investigated the scenario and found the followinginformation. The earths atmosphere is a blanket of air that surrounds the planet. This atmospheric air is made up of many different gases, 78% nitrogen, 21%oxygen, and 1% of a dozen or more other gases like carbon dioxide, helium, andozone. This atmosphere extends many miles out from the earths surface. However, this layer is not a uniform layer, from top to bottom. As one movesout from the planets surface the atmosphere becomes progressively dense. Thisatmosphere can be divide into four major regions. The first region is the troposphere which extends about 6.5 miles abovethe planets surface. The troposphere contains the oxygen that we breath and iswhere a majority of our weather takes place. Beyond the troposphere is the second region of the atmosphere, thestratosphere. The stratosphere extends from roughly 6.5-30 miles from theearths surface. The air on this region is much less dense than in thetroposphere, and its a lot drier. The stratosphere is the area that containsthe majority of the ozone layer. Past the stratosphere is the mesosphere which extends to 50 miles abovethe planet. The last region is the thermosphere. The thermospheres outermostedge is roughly 600 miles above the surface of the earth. Beyond it, theairless vacuum of space begins. Oxygen is made up of two oxygen atoms that are bonded together. In theperiodic table it is represented by O2. Like oxygen, ozone is a gas that is made up of oxygen atoms. However,a molecule of ozone is made up of three atoms of oxygen bonded together,therefore, O3, represents ozone. The ozone makes up only .01% of the atmosphere. Furthermore, 90% of the ozone is found in the stratosphere. It is concentratedin a layer between 7 and 22 miles above the earths surface. The massive depth of the ozone in the stratosphere would lead you tobelieve that it is very thick, it is not. If it were condensed, the ozonelayer would only be a few millimeters thick (Rowland and Molina 1994. p.23). The ozone is made in the stratosphere. It is continuously being formed,broken down, and reformed, over and over again. Furthermore, the three keyelements of the cycle are: oxygen, ozone, and the energy from the sun. The ultimate source of energy for our planet is the sun. This energytravels through space in the form of Electromagnetic Radiation. Furthermore,this electromagnetic radiation is often referred to as waves and their length,therefore, wavelengths. The sun has a wide range of wavelengths. This range isknown as the Electromagnetic Spectrum. In this spectrum there is Gamma,Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, and Radio waves. It is the ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the sun that drives theozone cycle in the stratosphere. When a oxygen molecule is hit by a high-energyUV ray, the O2 molecule absorbs the rays energy. As a result, the bond holdingthe oxygen molecule together breaks. This break separates the molecule, O2=O+O. These separate molecules quickly join with nearby oxygen molecules to form aozone molecule, O3=O2+O. Simultaneously, ozone molecules are being hit, theyabsorb the rays energy and break apart, leaving behind an oxygen molecule and asingle oxygen molecule, O3O2-O. At this time, the entire process repeatsitself making new molecules that are separated which combine to make newmolecules, over and again (Rowland and Molin 1991 p. 42). As a result of this cycle, about the same amount of ozone is produced asis broken down in the stratosphere. Therefore, the amount of ozone stays thesame under normal circumstances (Rowland and Molina 1991 p.43). A constant and stable ozone layer are important for life on earthbecause the high-energy UV rays that are absorbed in the ozone layer areextremely dangerous. These rays can kill some things while seriously damagingothers. For example, some bacteria exposed to UV rays will die. Plants, onland and in oceans, can be seriously damaged or even destroyed by UV rays. Whenhumans are exposed to the powerful rays, their skin can burn, damage to the eyes, and permanent changes in cells that can lead to cancer and other problems canoccur. By absorbing the UV rays, the ozone molecules in the ozone layer form ashield that protects life on earth from the dangerous and even deadly UV rays. Gaining the Respect of Others EssayIn the US there were 500,000 cases of the first, 100,.000 cases of the second,and 27,000 of the third type, in 1990(Wayne p. 47). Furthermore, cases ofmelanoma have been estimated to be increasing at an average of 10% from 1979 to1993 and even larger increases are believed to be occurring in the southernhemisphere. Also, studies suggest that a 1% decrease in stratospheric ozonewill result in a 2% increase of skin cancers (Wayne p.49). Moreover, some ofthese skin cancers can result in death. Malignant melanoma is much moredangerous, however, they are the least common. Malignant melanoma effects thepigment cell in the skin which can spread rapidly to the blood and lymphaticsystem. Furthermore, Wayne says, these have become increasingly frequentthroughout the world, especially in areas of higher latitudes. Moreover, thereis a correlation between melanomas and exposure to UV. Melanoma incidence iscorrelated with latitude, with twice as many deaths (re lative to statepopulation) in Florida or Texas as in Wisconsin or Montana(Wayne p.50). Furthermore, melanomas can take up too 20 years to develop, therefore, time willgive us a better example of the effects of increased UV rays have on the skin. The eyes are also affected by UV rays. An increase in UV rays results in an increase of UV absorption by theeye. Chronic UV exposure has been shown to be a factor in eye disease, saysRoach. Moreover, blindness from cataracts is the number one preventable causeof cataracts (Roach p.119). The latest findings indicate that for every 1%decrease in ozone levels results in a .6-.8% increase in eye cataracts, orannually approximately 100,000 to 150,000 additional cases of cataract-inducedblindness worldwide (Roach p.122-3). Moreover, UV rays cause other eye injures including photokeratitis, alsoknown as sun blindness or snow blindness, damage to the retina, and intraocularmelanoma tumors. Roachs predictions suggest a substantial future increase ineye cancer rates. However, some, object to the effects Cfcs have on the ozoneand on humans. Two of the more common objections are: Cfcs are two heavy to reach thestratosphere and we should not be concerned about Cfcs because the majority ofchlorine in the atmosphere is created by the acidification if salt spray. However, for the first objection, atmospheric gases do not segregate byweight in the troposphere and the stratosphere. This is because verticaltransport in the troposphere takes place by convection and turbulent mixing,says Wayne. Furthermore Wayne says, in the stratosphere and in the mesosphere,it takes place by eddy diffusion, the gradual mechanical mixing of gas bymotions on smaller scales, these mechanisms due not distinguish molecularmasses (Wayne Ch. 4). As for the second objection, it is an assumption that is not correct atall. Eighty percent of the chlorine found is from Cfcs and other man madeorganic chlorine compounds (Rowland 1989 p.77). In conclusion, despite the increasing list of negative affects of UVradiation, we continue to release ozone depleting chemicals into the atmosphere. Despite the availability of safer alternatives, we continue to promotetechnologies that are only slightly safer than the ones they replaced. Despiteall of the current information on the destructive affects of Cfcs, we stillcontinue to use them on a mass scale. Scientific research has only began to discover the impacts of UVradiation, however, what we do know should be enough for action. We cannotafford to sit around and wait for the damage to reach a point that makes usreact, by then it will be too late. The time to act is now because even with an immediate and complete endto production and release of ozone-depleting substances to the environment, weare still left with many decades of decreasing ozone and increased UV exposure. We must think long term and act now. Works CitedFarman, J.C., B.G. Gardiner, and J.D. Shankin. Large losses of total ozone inAntarticareveal seasonal CIOx/NOx interaction. Nature v.230 (Aug.4,1985): p.205-215. Roach, M. Sun Track. Health v.201 (May/June 1992): p.119-125. Rowland, F.S. Chloroflourocarbons and the depletion of stratospheric ozone.American Scientist v.128 (Nov. 4,1989): p. 70-78. Rowland, F.S. and M.J. Molina. Ozone depletion: 20 years after the alarm.ChemicalEngineering News v.20 (Jan.11,1994): p. 20-34. Rowland, F.S. and M.J. Molina. Chloroflourocarbons in the environment.Rev.Geophys. and Space Phys. v.7 (Mar.1975): p. 13-73Wayne, R.P. Chemistry of Atmosphere. New York: Oxford Univ.,1991.

Humor in the Workplace

Introduction Modern scholars as well as business administrators attempt to identify those factors which impact people’s attitude toward their jobs, their willingness to remain with the company, and contribute to its performance.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Humor in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Special attention is paid to humor and fun at the workplace since they are associated with such positive outcomes as decreased absenteeism and burnout, and improved relations among employees (Plester, 2009, p 584). Additionally, it is believed that humor and fun can enhance group cohesiveness and team work (Baptise, 2009, p 601). Overall, their effects are considered to be beneficial. This paper aims to discuss the ways in which fun and humor can impact managing people at work. Yet, it is necessary for us to explain how humor and fun are constructed in contemporary organizations. In o ther words, one has to understand in what kind of companies people are more likely to have fun or resort to humor. The findings of this paper can be important from theoretical and practical perspectives: on the one hand, they can better explain those forces which govern the relations among colleagues; while on the other hand, they can be used by managers, who need to improve the climate in the workplace and ultimately raise productivity of employees. Humor and fun in their workplace and their manifestations Humor and fun are those notions which avoid definitions or interpretations; in part, because there are hundreds if not thousands definitions of humor.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managers and researchers do not overlook the issue because it is vital to mark the boundaries of legitimate or permissible fun in the workplace. Modern scholars define these notion s in terms of what they are not. In other words, they try to single out those aspects of fun, which are not permissible, for instance, Jerald Greenberg focuses on those jokes which are based on racial or sexual stereotypes (2010 p 176). In short, humor must not be offensive or it will eventually result into hostility. In their turn, Susanna Stromberg and Jan Karlsson (2009) argue that the management must not tolerate those activities which can potentially distract employees from their direct duties or harm the reputation of an organization. In addition to that, psychologists and sociologists associate humor and fun with subcultures in the workplace. The thing is that employees can adopt overtly compliant behavior and at the same time mock the managers behind their backs (Stromberg Karlsson, 2009, p 634). Understanding of these boundaries is crucial for the management since humor can turn into a very dangerous weapon that produces adverse effects on the company. At this point we can say that the impacts of fun or humor depend on how employees and managers understand these notions and how they determine whether they are appropriate for a particular situation or not.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Humor in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from that, one should remember that humor and fun in the workplace are connected with organizational culture, structure, power distance between the co-workers. One of the factors which are commonly identified by scholars is generational difference (Lamm Meeks 2009). Different generations such as baby boomers1, generation Xers2, or Millennials3 have different attitudes and perceptions of work (Macky, Gardner Forsyth, 2008). For example, some people, who were born between 1941 and 1960 may object to fun because it may distract employees from their direct responsibilities, whereas Millennials are more favorable of it (Lamm Me eks 2009, p 620; Zemke et al, 2000). Thus, one can say that the age of employees shapes workplace relations, including attitude toward humor and fun. Another very important factor is power distance in the company. If an organization has a complex hierarchical structure in which there are many formal barriers among co-workers, they are less likely to make or take jokes. Such scholars as Peter Fleming and Andrew Sturdy (2009) study believe that lack of empowerment, over-supervision suppress individuality and subsequently stifle person’s willingness to express joy or fun. Certainly, one can hardly deny the fact that humor is present in bureaucratic and hierarchical organizations as well, but it often has such characteristics as sarcasm or even cynicism because it is usually directed against high-ranking officials or even against clients (Kinnie, Hutchinson Purcell, p 967). Thus, we can say that the nature of fun and humor in contemporary organizations are dependent on the cultu re, structure, values, and even demographic characteristic of the employees, especially age.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The influence of humor and fun The influence of humor and fun manifest itself at different levels. Such a researchers Nicole Baptiste points out the following beneficial effects of fun the workplace: 1) psychological benefits such as decreased sense of stress and anxiety or enhanced job satisfaction; 2) physical improvements, especially reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, and 3) improved relations among employees in terns of cooperation, social support, trust, and reciprocity (Baptiste, 2009, p 603). These are the most important advantages. It should also be mentioned that a person, who expresses his/her disagreement through joke or witticism, is less likely to come into conflict with his/her colleagues. This ability to express fun is particularly important in the relations between the managers and frontline personnel. Apart from that, both humor and fun can improve a great number of organizational activities, especially brainstorming during which employees have to come up with daring and often unrealistic ideas (Baptiste, 2009, p 608). The managers, who use humor as method of motivation, can better involve the frontline personnel into brainstorming because they will not be afraid of making mistakes. As it has been said before, the employees, who can freely make jokes, feel more relaxed, and they are less susceptible to work stress. More importantly, they are less likely to vent their spleen on their families. Therefore, these improvements can be explained by the psychological impacts of having fun. Apart from that, the surveys conducted by different companies show that the employees, who have an opportunity to have fun at work, display higher levels of job satisfaction (Karl Pelluchette, 2006). Consequently, these people are more likely to stay with a company or an organization that will not have to incur extra expenses on recruitment and training of new hires. One should not assume that fun in the workplace is related only to psychological wellbeing of the staff. In fact, these activities can allow the company to minimize its operating costs. This is one the key reasons why fun and humor are accepted or at least tolerated by modern business administrators. Additionally, we need to discuss the culture which can emerge due to the influence of humor and fun. Such companies as Google create leisure-oriented workplace, allow employees to ride scooters in the office in effort to reduce work stress (Bolton Houlihan, 2009, p 558). The management of this corporation encourages or at least does not prohibit the personnel to have fun. As a result, the employees of this corporation have formed a distinct type of identity that is different from other companies. The business culture of Google has become associated with empowerment, relative autonomy of the employees, and youth. On the whole, it is possible to argue that humor and fun liberalize the managerial policies of an organization and makes them less formalized and bureaucratic. Neverthe less, business administrators should remember at the same time, humor and fun can lead to excessively familiar relations between the management and front-line personnel; in particular, one should remember about those situations when interpersonal relations become more important than workplace responsibilities. Yet, such scenario is possible only in those cases when the management cannot draw a distinct line between interpersonal and workplace relations. Discussion This analysis indicates that the influence of humor and fun on the managerial policies and employee relations is not universal. The outcomes depend on the size of an organization, demographic structure, its dominant business culture, and workplace hierarchy. As a rule, they lead to the liberalization of relations between the senior management and frontline personnel. In such environment, the employees feel free to express their opinions. By encouraging the workers to have fun, the management can promote better teamwork and brainstorming practices. Yet, the most crucial question is how to define humor and fun so that they would be applicable to modern work environment. They must not evolve into familiarity, negligence, and over-permissiveness, since they can weaken the company’s performance. These are the most important questions that the management should remember about. References Baptiste N. 2009. Fun and well-being: insights from senior managers in a local authority. Employee Relations. 31 (6), p 600-612. Bolton S. Houlihan M. 2009 Are we having fun yet? A consideration of workplace fun and engagement. Employee Relations 31, (6), pp 556-559. Greenberg. J. (2010). Insidious Workplace Behavior. London: Routledge. Fleming P. Sturdy A. Just be yourself!† Towards neo-normative control in organisations? Employee Relations, (31), 6, p 569-583. Karl, K. and Peluchette, J. 2006, Does workplace fun buffer the impact of emotional exhaustion on job dissatisfaction? A study of health care worker s, Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 7 (2), pp. 128-41. Kinnie, N., Hutchinson, S. and Purcell, J. (2000), Fun and surveillance: the paradox of high  commitment management in call centres, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11 (5), pp. 967-85. Lamm E. Meeks M. Workplace fun: the moderating effects of generational differences. Employee relations, 31, (6), p 613-631 Macky, K., Gardner, D. and Forsyth, S. (2008), Generational differences at work: introduction. and overview. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28 (8), pp. 857-61. Plester B. 2009. Crossing the line: boundaries of workplace humour and fun. Employee Relations. 31, (6), pp 584-599. Stromberg. S. Karlsson. J. 2009. Rituals of fun and mischief: the case of the Swedish meatpackers. Employee Relations (31), 6, pp 632-647. Zemke, R., Raines, C. and Filipczak, B. (Eds) 2000. Generations at Work: Managing the Clash of Veterans, Boomers, Xers, and Nexters in Your Workplace. NY: Amacon, Footnotes 1 The generation of people born after the World War II. 2 People who were born between 1960 and 1980 3 People who were born between 1980 and 2000 This critical writing on Humor in the Workplace was written and submitted by user Khloe Alford to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Coal and New Nuclear Plants

Essay on Coal and New Nuclear Plants Essay on Coal and New Nuclear Plants Climate change: Vision of green Britain calls for swift carbon emissions policy Energy-efficient homes crucial, says watchdog Three new nuclear plants will be needed by 2022 The PowerBuoy wave energy converter, which is to be used as part of the Wave Hub project, which will see a giant national grid-connected socket built on the seabed off the coast of Cornwall. The project will become the world's largest wave farm. Photograph: Handout/PA A green and pleasant land, with millions of electric cars powered from wind turbines and travelling between super-cosy homes and offices: that is the vision for Britain in 2020 set out today by the government's climate watchdog. That cleaner, greener country, playing its full part in averting disastrous global warming, is both possible and affordable, says the Climate Change Committee – but only if the government acts immediately to implement radical policies on energy efficiency and low carbon technologies, as well as dealing with the threat of the recession to carbon trading schemes. The recommendations from the CCC, which sets legally binding carbon budgets and advises the government on how to reach them, could see teams of renovators working street by street to insulate homes and eco-driving techniques a standard part of the driving test. Chief executive David Kennedy said that despite the recession, the changes remained affordable at 1% of GDP, and would improve our quality of life. The Department of Energy and Climate Change (Decc) published an ambitious plan to move to a low-carbon economy in July. But the CCC report, Meeting Carbon Budgets – The Need for a Step Change, is first time the committee has published its analysis of what is needed for this to be achieved. Kennedy directed his heaviest criticism at the government's leading policy, to reduce carbon emissions from homes by 35% by 2020. The carbon emissions reductions target (Cert) came into effect last year and places an obligation on energy suppliers to help homeowners reduce household emissions until 2012. "Cert has been very good at insulating old ladies' lofts and sending energy saving lightbulbs through the post," said Kennedy. "But we need a national programme for energy efficiency." He added that companies selling energy were not always best placed to advise customers on how to reduce demand. The committee recommends insulating 10m lofts and 7.5m cavity walls by 2015, plus solid wall insulation for 2.3m homes by 2022. This would require a "whole-house approach" under which an audit of each house is carried out, says the report, and schemes that would see work carried out street by street. Paul King, chief executive of the UK Green Building Council, said: "This analysis confirms what we've known for some time. Current government policies will not deliver the programme of home refurbishment that is needed to tackle energy security and climate change. Homeowners are put off by the high upfront cost of more expensive measures and the hassle of getting reliable information and trustworthy installers. The industry is crying out for strong political leadership." Dramatic improvements in the

Summary response waiting for supermanby Dir. Davis Guggenheim Essay

Summary response waiting for supermanby Dir. Davis Guggenheim - Essay Example I was crying because no one was coming with enough power to save us† (Guggenheim). It is also documented that Canada was the co-founder of the Harlem Children’s Zone. He was successful in managing the private funded institution. According to the director, he intends the film to serve as an education reformer. Guggenheim links this to the â€Å"inconvenient truth† which attempted to take part in climate change reform. He concludes that the problem that he may face is the teachers union. The union defends its workers against any dismissals. Later he asserts that the only savior which he may have is the charter school system. Apart from the weltering of socioeconomic reasons, Guggenheim also explains why we are having this mess. Furthermore, he delves into the highly scholastic and even records of the charters. Thus, the real crisis among the American public-school education roots from the relative low pay which the full time teachers get. Thus, he addresses ways of eliminating some of the few incentives which is tenure instead of proposing for a higher pay. According to Guggenheim, his proposal will attract competent teachers. The director frames his film basing on competition. He implies the case where five children await for news about their admission in a charter school. They are not lucky, for instance, Francisco who is a Bronx and a first grader is among the 792 applicants who are eying for the 40 vacancies at Harlem success academy (Guggenheim). Therefore, â€Å"waiting for Superman† is a call to the arms. It aims at calling anyone who would like to step up and help fix problems in education. It is also a cry for mercy and help. That is, ‘someone calling to become the children’s

Role of Promotion in Retailing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role of Promotion in Retailing - Essay Example The objective of the paper is to show the promotional strategies of Adidas that have been used by the company as a part of its initiatives within 2012 London Olympics as their promotion campaign. The paper also shows the role of promotion in retailing as well as the advantages of promotion and the line marketing of Adidas. Promotional Strategies: Adidas for London Olympics 2012 Promotion is one of the most essential tools in marketing of a product. The elements of promotion are advertising, personal selling, publicity, sales promotion and direct marketing. A company makes a promotional mix to identify the budget to conduct the promotion and to recognise the importance that is to be provided to the various elements of promotional mix. The objectives of the promotional plan include augmentation of sales, recognition of the new product, brand equity creation and corporate image creation among others (McGoldrick, 2002). ... t with a outlook to meet up the necessities of the promotion Promotion helps in improving the morale as well as the satisfaction of the job of the employee By improving the morale of the employees, promotion ultimately helps in improving the organizational health It creates alertness of the survival of the product as well as the service provided Promotion helps a company to enlarge its market share Promotion provides information regarding the products as well as the services to the consumers that produces an incentive for the consumers to procure the products as well as use the services (McGoldrick, 2002) Adidas is known as one of the prominent sportswear manufacturers of the world. The Adidas Group was established by Adolf Dassler on 1949 with its headquarters in Germany. The first as well as the foremost global achievement of the brand was celebrated in 1954 when Germany won the championship of soccer. In middle of the 1980’s, the group had certain commercial breakdown but i n 1995 the Adidas Group regained its momentum and to stay in a competitive market with Nike, in 2006 Adidas had taken over Reebok. The company sponsors many games with their own capital and its sportswear such as soccer and Olympics among others (Adidas Group, 2012). To grow to be the top retailer and provide with quality products are the main visions of Adidas. Retailing is important to show the breath of the product, to build division in markets where traditional structure of wholesaling does not exist and to influence the knowledge from own retail for the whole organization (Adidas Group, 2012). Adidas is going to be the official partner regarding sportswear for the London Olympics for the year 2012 (Guardian News and Media Limited, 2012). Adidas will act as the official partner for the team

To What Extent Do We Need Evidence To Support Our Belief Philosophy Essay

To What Extent Do We Need Evidence To Support Our Belief Philosophy Essay Evidence in my opinion can be described as some type of an authentication or a proof that is used to support one individuals own belief and thought. In other words, evidence is something that leads us to proof. This proof can be further used to strengthen or validate some kind of belief that we hold. That can then be considered to be a truth or a fact. For e.g. in todays world we dont accept something to be true until and unless suitable evidence is provided. Belief is a truth which might be considered as a truth not necessarily depending on the evidence of some sort. Beliefs in the beginning are thought to be as realistic by many people even when it has not been proved with evidence. It depends if that is going to be true or false. If a belief is proved then it becomes a fact. This undoubtedly means that beliefs are facts that are unproved. In case of past events, since we never had existed in the earlier period world we can never say if history was true at all. But to prove that we need evidences. Till we dont get an evidence for something it remains a belief. It is evidence that acts as a cause or a reason why beliefs can be thought of as something that does exist or is right. History is one such subject that requires some kind of evidence to make people believe that the past events that had occurred did exist. Even when I was taught history in the yester years we only had text books that were a stimulus material to learn and believe history. We were completely dependent on the text books but the examples provided in them sounded realistic. For e.g. we actually dont know if a Mughal emperor named as Shah Jahan ever existed in the Indian history. But to support this we have the beautiful Taj Mahal that is said was built by him for his wife. Here the Taj Mahal is regarded as evidence. Hence, we believe that there was a ruler called Shah Jahan. Likewise, there are many monuments and archaeological evidences that tell us about history i.e. the Harappa civilization and the rule of the British Empire etc. But there are many controversial things and different interpretations based on evidences that they get to know. The question that arises here is If evidence ca n affect our beliefs? How can one guarantee the truth involved in the evidences? A humans belief system does not always work on the basis of evidence. I think belief is made up of many diverse incidents which influence peoples mindset and their behavior. Hence, there is a high chance for someone to simply believe something if it is implanted within their belief even if the evidence is very less or not at all. For e.g. in our childhood days parents embed a thought in our mind that God exists, when in reality we dont really have a concrete evidence to support it. No one has actually seen God. But as we grow up the power of beliefs that are embedded in us slowly decline due to many extrinsic or intrinsic factors. Very little evidence is present in case of religions. Religion is somewhat an area where people believe in it even after being aware of the less evidence or sometimes no evidence present for it. Here, its a personal choice of a person whether to believe it or not. Its faith, that makes them believe in certain things. Many unlike ways of knowing such as perception, reason, emotions and language other than evidence affect the way people form or organize their beliefs in the natural sciences. Science is an area which can be experimented carefully only with the help of proper attentive methods which verify the theories that we have created with the help of other different ways of knowing we have. For example scientists believe that the whole evolution theory was developed. In natural science, we need some kind of a belief or in other words we an assumption to make. With the help of this belief in mind we can further prove them and then they can be known as facts. An example that can be given is when in the previous years the church used to say that its earth that is at the center and the other planets and sun rotate around it. But later this was proved wrong by Galileo Galilei with proper evidence. These types of evidences ultimately thought to be as true. People are more likely to focus on one parti cular piece of evidence which supports what they already believe. However, many areas of natural sciences are very unclear and open to different interpretations for different people. There always comes up evidence which contradicts the other one. That opens up new dimensions to the subject. As many peoples belief systems are so strong, they often choose to only pay attention to the evidence which support their claims. In our daily life, we tend to believe things that we see, hear or feel. There are many facts which are first deemed to be beliefs which if proved with proper evidence are considered to be facts. But there are many facts that dont need to be proved or were not proved. An example for this can be that we dont need to prove that Sun is the source from where we get light. Another example that can be given is it is the gravitational pull that pulls down objects. Evidence is a kind of theory that affects human mind a lot. Humans tend to believe things which have at least some kind of evidence attached to it. Human belief system is biased to the dissimilar ways of knowing. It acts according to the way they come to know about something. Psychologically it can be very difficult for our mind to accept something that has been taught to be right is in fact wrong. Areas of Knowledge: History, Arts, Ethics, Natural Science, mathematics, social sciences

Characterization in Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin Essays

Characterization in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin Either they deny the Negro's humanity and feel no cause to measure his actions against civilized norms; or they protect themselves from their guilt in the Negro's condition and from their fear...by attributing to them a superhuman capacity for love, kindliness and forgiveness.   Nor does this any way contradict their stereotyped conviction that all Negroes are given to the most animal behavior. - Ralph Ellison (Litwack   3) The above quote by Ralph Ellison, author of The Invisible Man, is a good starting point for an analysis on the characterization within Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin.   For many modern critics and readers alike, both black and white, harshly criticize the author for her stereotypical depiction of a black man as only being noble if he possesses a "superhuman capacity for love, kindliness and forgiveness," like her most noble and humane character in the work, Uncle Tom.   However, a deeper analysis of character will demonstrate that to Stowe's Christian framework, the sacrifices and nobility of Uncle Tom are not ones of defeat and subjugation, rather they are his only option from a moral point of view-and Tom is of the highest moral character possible, some would say a level that is unrealistic in the face of his real abuses.   This analysis will show how Stowe uses such characterizations to depict the horrendous nature of slavery in an attempt to change public opinion regarding the once sacredly held American institution.   A conclusion will discuss how my own thinking has been affected by the work. The character of Ophelia is used to contrast the North and the South.   Ophelia is an abolitionist who finds the atrocities of slavery ho... ...braham Lincoln would have been more than won over by this type of characterization, one so adept at pointing out the weaknesses of the white mentality and injustices while extolling the highest virtues as ones possessed more typically by blacks.   The same thing could be done with the Jews who were held in Bondage by the Egyptians, even though today the sufferings Moses and his people endured would more than likely make most readers who do not consider the period and ideology of the society in which a work is created scoff at the humility with which they tolerated their bondage. Works Cited Litwack, L.   Been In The Storm So Long:   The Aftermath of Slavery.   Alfred A. Knopf, New York:   1979. Stowe, H.B.   Uncle Tom's Cabin.   Houghton Mifflin Co., NY:   1948. Sundquist, E.J. (ed.)   New Essays on Uncle Tom's Cabin.  Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge:   1986.

Safety on Water Refilling Station

1. Abstract This study tackles the safeties of processes used by water refilling stations in the Philippines, specifically on the National Capital Region, on the purified water it sells to its customers. The study focuses on the processes the water refilling stations implements to purify the water from its concessionaires not in the working place of water refilling stations. The group chose to research on this topic since nowadays, as the demand for cleaner water becomes higher, the price of household water purifiers and bottled water has become prohibitive.Water refilling stations managed by private entrepreneurs offer a cheaper and more convenient solution to the public’s drinking water needs than bottled water or the use of household filters. The demand at the water refilling stations – water stores that sell purified water is now increasing. The quality of purified water conforms to the national standards for drinking water and is even better than the quality of wat er produce by traditional water supply systems in terms of removed impurities. At present, about 3,000 water refilling stations have proliferated nationwide.They sell purified water of comparable quality with bottled water at a lower price. For example, the current price per gallon of refilled purified water in Metro Manila ranges from P 50 to P 120 per 5-gallon container or about P 2. 50 to P 6. 00 per liter while the bottled water is sold at P 12. 00 to P 25. 00 per liter. Household filters, on the other hand, cost P 5,000 to P 25,000 per unit. In Metro Manila, most of the water refilling stations is connected to the pipes of two concessionaires: Maynilad Water Company or Manila Water Company for their source of raw water while in other areas they opt to use private deep wells.The â€Å"potable water† supplied by the providers is then further purified by utilizing a combination of water treatment equipment, such as sediment filters, carbon filters, water softeners, reverse osmosis membranes, ultra-violet lamps, and ozone generators. Typical water refilling stations can produce 3,000 to 12,000 litres of purified water per day. In previous years, most of the people were bringing a container to a water refilling station to buy purified water. Nowadays, because of convenience on the part of the consumers, purified water in 5-gallon (22. litres) containers is delivered by the station directly to the people’s home. Aqua Sure, a water refilling station in Metro Manila, can deliver 5,500 gallons (25,000 litres) a day to its 8,000 household client.2. Introduction 3. 1. Problem Statement The proponents want to know how dirty water is being processed in the water station, what processes does the water goes through, what is the quality of the water being produced and how safe it is to drink that water after. 3. 2. Significance The study will: determine the physical, chemical and bacteriological quality of the product water produced * determine if the water produced is potable * assess the current guidelines used for evaluating and monitoring the quality of the water produced * provide basis for decision making and strategy for regulation and monitoring of water stations to ensure a continuous production of quality and safe drinking water 3. 3. Review of Related Literature Water is the only substance found on earth in three forms solid, liquid, and gas. It regulates the earth’s temperature.Drinking water or potable water is water safe enough to be consumed by humans or used with low risk of immediate or long term harm. In most developed countries, the water supplied to households, commerce and industry meets drinking water standards, even though only a very small proportion is actually consumed or used in food preparation. Typical uses include toilet flushing, washing and landscape irrigation. It also regulates the temperature of the human body, carries nutrients and oxygen to cells, cushions joints, protects organs and tissues , and removes wastes.Adverse health effects from contaminants that may occur in drinking water include acute effects that may immediately impact health and chronic effects that may occur if contaminants are ingested at unsafe levels over many years. Drinking water that meets US EPA’s health-based standards is generally safe. People who are not healthy as a result of illness, age, or weakened immune systems, are more likely to be at risk from certain contaminants that may be found in drinking water. Infants and very young children are also more susceptible to some contaminants.Individuals concerned about their particular situations should consult their health care providers. 3. 4. Research Questions Below are the guide questions which the proponents of the research work considered in conducting this research paper: * What is a safe drinking water? * What is the process of cleaning the water? * What are the problems in the process? * How would the proponents go about investigat ing the causes of the observed problems? * What are the effects of these observed problems? What are the unsafe conditions in the process? * What is the quality of the water after the process? 3. 5. Methodology The proponents did an actual observation inside a water refilling station by identifying the process and the worker demonstrated how the process works. Next is that the proponents researched on the safety of drinking water of water stations by looking up at articles, assessing and analyzing which causes the impurities of the water and if there are problems on the process and if the process needs improvement.After is that they establish a conclusion and the proponents monitor and implement the correct process. They also see if it’s compatible with the system. Lastly, they did adequate measures and controls to ensure that the correct process will be established and if the water station is implementing it always. It is important to follow the correct process so that they can say that the water is safe for drinking. 3. Discussion Unsafe water * More than one billion people lack access to an improved water source. 88 percent of the 4 billion annual cases of diarrheal disease are attributed to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation and hygiene. * 2 million people suffer diarrhoeal deaths each year. Drinking water Parameters * Alkalinity * Color of water * pH * Taste and Odor* Dissolved metals and salts(sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, manganese, magnesium) * Microorganism * Dissolved metals and metalloids ( lead, mercury, arsenic, etc * Dissolved organics * Radon * Heavy metal Machines for processes Multi-media sediment filter – removes sediments such as rust, sand and particles that are invisible to the naked eye. * Ion exchanger – replaces hard minerals with soft minerals. * Activated carbon filter – removes all organic chemicals, herbicide, pesticide, offensive odor and bad taste.* Reverse osmosis membrane – the hear t of the system and the most expensive unit; removes inorganic minerals, bacteria and viruses while retaining its oxygen content. Since the filter size is very small at less than 0. 5 micrometre, the product water could have a total dissolved solids (TDS) of less than 10 ppm. The filtration process rejects about 50 percent of raw water volume. * Post-carbon filter – improves the taste of water. * Ultraviolet lamp – ensures that the water is free from disease-causing micro-organisms. * Ozone generator – inhibits the growth of bacteria in the product tank and prolongs the shelf life of water. Water quality monitoring* Bacteriological quality – at least monthly * Physical quality – at least every six (6) months Chemical quality – at least every six (6) months * Biological quality – at least once a year * Monitoring of radioactive contaminants shall be done only if there is significant input of radiation from the surrounding environment. 4. Conclusion Water refilling stations can be a good source of safe drinking water in the Philippines. Purified water can meet the aesthetic standards easily detectable by the people in terms of taste, odor and color. The efficient water purification processes can make the quality of water superior to the traditional water systems.However, the risk of contamination is possible if the handling practices are not closely monitored. The water production has designed its facility to the high quality state of the art which can process and purified water into a colorless and free from objectionable taste and odor. That the product water is free from substance that may contain to endanger the lives of consuming public the design of the water treatment purification process was based on the character of the source of water the availability of appropriate purification technology. 5. About the AuthorsThe ideas behind this study are from four 3rd Year Safety Engineering students of the Industria l Engineering Department of the University of Santo Tomas namely: Christian Domingo Bascon, Mishael Ann Asuncion Belocura, Edmond Ray Dela Cruz Divino and Wyanet Dy Yang The four students have a strong passion on Safety Engineering and want to contribute as early as now in the safety of everyone. 6. Acknowledgement First and foremost, we would like to thank to our professor Sir Nestor Ong for the valuable guidance, technical discussions and relevant discussions.He inspired us greatly to work in this project. We also would like to thank him for showing us some example that related to the topic of our project. In addition, we would also like to thank Antipolo Spring Water Refilling Station which provided us valuable information as the guidance of our project which helped us in completing this task through various stages. We also wanted to thank our families who inspired, encouraged and fully supported us in every trial that came our way. Also, we thank them for giving us not just fina ncial, but moral and spiritual support.And all of those who supported us in any respect during the completion of the project. Lastly, we offer our regards and blessings to God the father of all, we are thankful for the strength that keeps us standing and for the hope that keeps us believing that this affiliation would be possible and more interesting. 7. Notes * Especially in urban areas, water quality does not meet the standards set by the national government. As a result, waterborne diseases remain a severe public health concern in the country. About 4,200 people die each year due to contaminated drinking water. Your local water supplier is required by law to notify you if there’s any reason your water is unsafe. Furthermore, the Safe Water Drinking Act requires all water suppliers to issue their customers an annual report on the source and quality of the water—including a list of contaminant levels. Municipal water is tested for micro-organisms, organic and inorgani c chemicals, disinfectants, disinfectant by-products, and radioactive substances. If your copy of the report has not come in the mail, call your water company.Though your water company is responsible for keeping the water safe, lead can get into the supply after the water has left the treatment plant. Arsenic may also be a problem in some areas, mainly the Southwest. * Filtering the water If you are simply trying to improve the taste of your water, a filtering pitcher will do. But if you are trying to remove lead, arsenic, or specific contaminants, you may want a permanent installation. Before you buy, be sure you know which contaminants the system will filter out. NSF is an excellent source of information.Water filtration systems come in two basic types, ranging from cheap to expensive: * Point-of-entry systems are installed on the main water supply and treat most or all the water entering a house. These include water softeners, which remove calcium and magnesium. There’s no harm in drinking softened water, and it does not cause heart disease, as has been alleged. But the softer the water, the more likely it is to leach lead from the pipes. * Point-of-use systems include faucet-mounted filters, faucets with built-in filters, pitchers, and under-the-sink filters.Whether it’s installed under the sink or at point-of-entry, the most effective filter is a reverse-osmosis system, which filters out lead and other toxic metals and other contaminants. This type of filter can be expensive ($500 to $1,000 or more) and the cartridges have to be replaced every year at a cost of up to $200. Faucet-mounted systems and faucets with built-in filters work well against specific contaminants (check the labels and NSF certificates), as do most countertop pitchers. Simpler systems such as these represent a small investment, but replacement filters can cost as much as $100 a year. The agencies directly involved in the establishment operation of water refilling station s are as follows: a. The Department of Health (DOH). DOH is the main agency responsible for protecting the health of the people. The Sanitation Code of the Philippines mandates DOH in protecting drinking water quality. Consequently, DOH issues implementing rules and regulations prescribing sanitary standards for water supply systems, including water refilling stations. b. The Center for Health Development (CHD) is the regional branch of DOH.Its main function is to provide technical assistance to local government units and to monitor DOH programme implementation which includes water quality and sanitation standards. For water refilling stations, CHD is mandated to issue initial and operational permits. c. The Local Government Units (LGUs) are mandated by Presidential Decree (PD 856) to issue sanitary permit, sanitary clearance, health certificates, certificate of potability, drinking water site clearance and closure order (if necessary) and to conduct sanitary inspection of WRS. d.Th e Water Quality Association of the Philippines Inc. (WQAP) is an organization of private firms who are engaged in the manufacture, sale, and distribution of water refilling station equipment and supplies, as well as water treatment and purification equipment and technology for household, institutional, commercial and industrial applications. About 85 percent of its 250 members operates water refilling stations. e. Association of Water Refilling Entrepreneurs (AWARE) concentrates on resolving business management issues of its members. * Presidential Decree No. 56 (PD 856) or the Sanitation Code of the Philippines is the main law requiring all establishments to comply with existing sanitary standards to protect public health. Guidelines for operating a water refilling station are indicated in the Supplemental Implementing Rules and Regulations on Water Supply of PD 856 issued in 1999. 8. References (2006 october 6) EntrePinoys atbp.A study on water refilling stations http://www. mixph . com/2006/10/a-study-on-water-refilling-station. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_Philippines#Drinking_water_quality Water Sanitation and health. ttp://www. who. int/water_sanitation_health /en/ http://www. wellnessletter. com/ucberkeley/foundations/drinking-water/#sthash. bNGyupzl. dpuf EPA 816-F-04-036 June 2004 www. epa. gov/safewater 9. Editorial History Paper received 02 March 2013; accepted 09 March 2013; revised version received 09 March 2013. Copyright  © 2011, Copyright  © 2011, Christian D. Basco, Mishael Ann A. Belocura, Edmond DC. Divino & Wyanet D. Yang 10. Disclaimer This article is only edited by Christian Domingo Basco, Mishael Ann Asuncion Belocura, Edmond Ray Dela Cruz Divino and

Todays Education Has Changed Over Time - 1161 Words

Introduction: Todays education has changed in many ways over the years. From the behavior of student’s caused by different parenting skills, how teachers teach their classes as well as students ability to use fundamentals, media and technology all play a role in how the world of education has evolved. Robin Lawrence a thirteen year veteran teacher now a curriculum specialist at Bellaire Elementary has a good insight into how the educational system has changed over time. Transition: N/A Paragraph One: Past and present generation behavior Topic Sentence: Past and present behavior has differed between the generations. Transition: Main Point One: Behavior in the past was much better. Past generations did not have adult problems placed on†¦show more content†¦Poor/ lack of parenting has been a major factor in poor behavior.† Supporting Detail Three: She also added that as a teacher poor behavior affects the whole class. â€Å"It takes time away from the instruction and learning away from other students.† (Lawrence) Conclusion: From past to present generations parenting and behavior have gone together. If the child has strong parents then their behavior will be excellent and their education will prosper. If they have a lack of parenting in their life than their behavior takes a downward turn and their education will suffer. Transition: Paragraph Two: How teachers taught their classes as well as student’s ability to use the fundamentals. Topic Sentence: The way that teachers taught their classes in the past is different then present day, but not just the way that teacher teaches has changed the ability of student’s using the fundamentals has changed as well. Transition: Major point One: Teachers in the past had different curriculum standard as well as different methods of teaching. Supporting Detail One: Mrs. Lawrence said when she was in school, â€Å"Teachers did not have a set of curriculum standards that they were bound to. Rote memorization was key. Students were fed Knowledge from teachers. Teachers used thematic units to teach content.† Supporting Detail Two: The one thing that remains the same is that students