Concept Analysis Interruptions And Medical Error

Concept Analysis: Interruptions Abstract Problem. In modern-day acute care settings, interruptions occur as part of normal work flow. Technology driven task performance intermingles with interpersonal communication, patient care needs, medication administration and distraction within one’s mind. When a task requires attention to detail or a significant amount of our attention, an interruption can be devastating to a patient, the person carrying out the task and the facility they are employed within. In healthcare literature research, a consistent definition of the term interruption was difficult to ascertain. Identifying a consistent definition would support research designed to support a link between interruptions and medical error.†¦show more content†¦A concept analysis is being performed to determine if a consistent definition of interruption can be found as it applies to a healthcare setting. Concept Definition Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (n.d.) defines an interruption as â€Å"a break in the continuity or uniformity of; to stop or hinder by breaking in†. The context may apply to seasons, humans, or in computer terms. In computer terms the definition includes a feature of a computers that permits the temporary interruption of one activity to perform another (Interruption, n.d.). Cambridge dictionary defines interruption as â€Å"an occasion when someone or something stops something from happening for a short period†, in business language it would include an occasion when a company is prevented from operating as normal (Interruption, n.d.). The MacMillan dictionary defines an interruption as ‘something that someone says or does that stops someone else when they are speaking or concentrating on something’, ‘the act of stopping something for a period of time’, and ‘a time during which something interrupts a process or a ctivity’ (Interruption, n.d., expression 1-3). In assessing synonymous terms break, interference, disruption, disturbance, and discontinuance are the predominant terms found (Thesaurus.com, 2016). The definitions lead us to believe an interruption is always attributed to a thing or a person, however, mostly theShow MoreRelatedEssay On Reliability Of Visualization Tools1588 Words   |  7 Pagesunit (ICU). Subsequently fatal diagnostic errors continue to occur in this setting. According to (5 cite the reference not number) the errors have been attributed to two main causes: 80% of â€Å"user error† is attributable to cognitive overload and approximately 91% of all medical mishaps are allegedly due to inadequate and inefficient ICU team communication and collaboration, leading to a systemic breakdown of the clinical workflow. Essentially data analysis by clinicians results in excessive cognitiveRead MoreIs Medical Errors A Medical Error? Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesIn part one of this assignment, we took a closer look at medical errors, including why errors occur, and what is considered to be a medical error. In the busy clinical setting, nurses are often interrupted by phone calls, patients, and even other staff members. Research shows that medical errors are now one of the top three leading causes of death within the United States, therefore it is time to work on addressing this problem (Daniel, 2016). Theory in nursing provide the â€Å"basis of understandingRead MoreInformatics And Its Multiple Tools1220 Words   |  5 PagesAs technology evolves and it is widely applied in medical practice, the need for informatics and its multiple tools increases every day. Enhanced communication, sharing of information and knowledge, telehealth and biomedical equipment are only some of the areas that informatics is involved. Informatics utilizes the power of technology to turn information data into knowledge that people can use in their everyday lives. Using computing, informatics is applied to solve problems in healthcare, educationRead MoreA Products Usability Achieves Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Satisfaction516 Words   |  2 Pagesimportant concept in human factors. ISO defines usability as the extent in which a product can be used to achieve goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use. Technology should have an aspect of usability and user friendliness especially in a clinical context, so that it can reduce cases of medical errors. An information system comprises of various elements, among them is users who should have a clear understanding of their functions. Usability as a concept increasesRead MoreAnalysis On The Digital Age Insurance1549 Words   |  7 Pagesadministration solutions, underwriting applications and billing systems—to forecast a nd predict future losses. 2 Introduction: Underwriting is one of the important processes in insurance operations. The applicant s information, including various kinds of medical information, must be evaluated before the insurance company can decide to accept the application. These activities are usually supported by process automation facility. Typically the Insurance Underwriter looks for Determinants (figure 1) receivedRead MoreA Brief Note On The Healthcare System Of Healthcare1866 Words   |  8 PagesProfessionalism in Healthcare The healthcare industry, as well as the professionals invested in medical-care, are highly regarded and respected. The public looks to physicians, nurses, physical and respiratory therapists, along with countless others professionals during times of medical crisis and often when they are in their most vulnerable state. The healthcare system is a multifaceted system with the purpose of helping the sick recover or improving the quality of life, for those who can noRead MoreTechnology Is On The Rise Than Ever Before1820 Words   |  8 Pageshome has a clinician, medical counselor, registered nurse, direct support professionals and managers to assist the individuals in living a comfortable daily life with the least amount of medical interruptions. Each home varies in medical needs and some homes have more medically frail individuals than others; some higher functioning and some lower functioning individuals. The lack of proper and structured user input is one of the largest issues that lead to delays and errors in application developmentRead MoreHuman Factors Influencing Quality and Safety in Healthcare2124 Words   |  9 PagesHuman Error Theory: Human Factors influencing Quality and Safety in Healthcare Name Instructors Name Course Date Abstract Human error theory explores human factors and ergonomics, which contribute to the implementation and design of health and safety measures in healthcare. The theory identifies the effect of medical errors by healthcare providers cause significant risks to the health and safety of patients. It explains human errors in terms of contributory factors that prevail in a personsRead MoreCritically Assessing Human Factors And The Impacts On Health Care1879 Words   |  8 Pagesaudit, quality patient care, and human error were used to source material. Any publications that did not have significant relevance to the report were excluded. Findings Clinical Governance Clinical governance is the system through which health and disability services are held accountable for their actions and held responsible for continuously improving the quality of their service to ensure the highest standard of care is being delivered (White, 2015). The concept of clinical governance arose in theRead MoreTechnology And Change Management Paper2044 Words   |  9 Pages Best Practices in Healthcare The health care industry has adapted well to change. With the influx of medication errors, malpractice lawsuits, and miscommunication between departments; patient tracking has become the solution to the mismanagement of data. This concept represents the time dimension of information, it has two aspects: (1) having access to information when you need it, or timeliness, and (2) having information that describes

Mozart vs. Beethoven Essay - 1275 Words

Arts and Culture 2 Mozart vs. Beethoven Paper 3/21/12 Mozart vs. Beethoven In the 18th century, the middle class made a lot more money. During the Classical Period, the middle class had a tremendous influence on music. They wanted to hear concertos and symphonies. They wanted their children to learn great music and play instruments. The composers began writing music that was geared towards the middle class because they could make a better living if they enjoyed the music being played. They wrote music that was easier for their students to understand and play. Serious music changed into comic operas, or popular folk tunes, and dance music. This was a good thing it shaped dance and music forever. Mozart and Beethoven were both†¦show more content†¦At the age of eight, he wrote a symphony and at eleven, he wrote an oratorio. Then, at the age of twelve he wrote a great opera. Mozarts father was Leopold Mozart, who happened to be a court musician. Both Mozart and Beethoven had help from their fathers in many different ways . Mozarts father helped him travel around as a young musician and he traveled many places and he seen many well-known people and aristocrats. Because of Mozarts early successes many challenges had become part of his life. He had very high expectations from the community and from his father. Unlike, Beethoven, Mozart was spoiled as a youth and because of this he refused to be treated as a servant. He completely relied on his father’s help and refused to work with the archbishop. This would become a problem later when Mozart did not develop enough initiative. Because of that he could not make decisions on his own. Then at age 25, Mozart broke free from Salzburg and became a great freelance musician in Vienna. This is where Mozart found and started some of his success. Mozart earned his living giving lessons to people and holding concerts. Mozart later wrote his piece â€Å"Don Giovanni† and then â€Å"The marriage of Figaro† and these were great pieces for his time. Eventually, Mozarts popularity disapeared and his music was found to be very complicated and hard to follow. Mozarts music was very versatile and his masterpieces had been in many forms. His piano concertos were andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Analysis of Beethoven Symphony 3 and Mozart Symphony 403307 Words   |  14 PagesBeethoven Symphony No. 3 and Mozart Symphony 40 Forms Sonata form is one of the more popular forms of music that is found in a variety of different works including symphonies, concertos, and sonatas. Sonata form features three distinct sections: the exposition, development, and recapitulation. Mozart was one of the early composers of this form of music. I will examine the clear distinctions between each section and how he does not stray from the typical form. In later years the form would changeRead MoreThe Mozart Effect3416 Words   |  14 PagesHave you ever hear the old saying â€Å"Mozart makes babies smarter†? Can a mother simply playing Mozart while the infant sleeps actually increase her baby’s brain function? Well there is now evidence that this once perceived ‘old wives tale’ is actually true. The studies done to prove this seemingly bizarre event have deemed it, The Mozart Effect. The Mozart Effect is a set of research results that indicate that listening to Mozarts music may induce a short-term improvement on the performance of certainRead MoreThe Modern Perceptions of Classical Music Essay example553 Words   |  3 Pagesare likely to respond with a fresh singer, band, or genre of â€Å"pop† music. Often times society places their opinion of classical music and popular music on completely different wavelengths of importance in the world. The modern perception of classical vs. popular music has led to a heavily decreasing audience for classical groups and performances, a desire for repetitive and simple melodies, and a negative stigma against classical music’s importance. When music began to become structured as a partRead MoreFree Will vs Determinism in A Clockwork Orange, by Anthony Burgess1208 Words   |  5 Pagesaccordingly to one’s own nature, they should be able to express their free will. In turn, he uses this justification to senselessly beat a man up for simply not liking him. This could be supported by a quote from an article about the study of free will vs determinism, which states, â€Å"freedom to choose fits comfortably with the assumption that people deserve what they get† (Carey 133). Alex could agree that someone of his own violent nature deserves this moment, or that the man deserved the beating. HoweverRead MoreEssay about Analysis of A Clockwork Orange2423 Words   |  10 Pagesa man who chooses the bad perhaps in some way better than a man who has the good imposed upon him? (Burgess, Clockwork 95). The most principle theme of A Clockwork Orange involves the freedom of a man to choose between good and evil, or Pelagianism vs. Augustinianism. Pelagius denied that God predestined our lives; he believed humans had absolute power over their own salvation. In response to Pelagius, Augustine upheld the doctrine of original sin and defended the orthodox belief in predestinationRead MoreSymphony No. 4 in F Minor by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Essay2603 Words   |  11 Pagesis perhaps something that the world will never know. During his lifetime, Tchaikovsky composed some of the most memorable music of all time. In my life, there were always three names that I would recognize when it came to classical music: Beethoven, Mozart, and Tchaikovsky. He is most famous for his two ballets The Nutcracker and Swan Lake and if I had to put him in a category, it would be in the ballet, but the music that Tchaikovsky loved the most had to be the symphony. This is evidenced mostRead MoreAnalysis of the Music Industry30024 Words   |  121 Pagesmost people s music tastes are fairly conservative and are rooted in the music they grew up with. Key Note s survey of artists that the public would take to a `desert island was topped by Abba, The Beatles, Frank Sinatra and Madonna, although Beethoven came fifth. 1. Industry Overview REPORT COVERAGE This Key Note Market Review examines the UK music industry as a broad market, defined to cover the main aspects of music that create commercial markets: recordings (and their distribution channels)Read MoreHindi Songs Copied from English Songs4679 Words   |  19 Pagescopy different tunes? Hindi Song: Paayal Meri Jaadu (Rajkumar) Music Director: Laxmikant-Pyarelal Copied From:  Faith (George Michael) Hindi Song: Itna Na Mujhse Tu Pyar Badha(Chhaya) Music Director: Salil Chowdhury Copied From:  Symphony No. 40 (Mozart) Note: Indication that inspired tunes are nothing new in Hindi music. Hindi Song: Tum Kya Jaano (Aashiq) Music Director: Sanjeev-Darshan Copied From:  Theme from The Godfather Note: Another straight lift, but Sanjeev-Darshan s style gives it an

Drawing from what you have learnt Essay Example For Students

Drawing from what you have learnt Essay City Road Offers the opportunity to observe how material things, such as the businesses serving the community, may present inequalities and differences be,even various groups Of people. The Mackintosh Centre located on City Road is a large, prominent building which has undergone a transformation from its original usage. Originally built as a family home for local wealthy landowners it is now a local sports club. This facility is not well frequented by the residents of City Road though. Head Coach John Shockley says Its quite daunting this, this big place where its all gated off, that looks like a private club, it looks expensive (Making Social Lives on City Road, 2009, scene 7) The frontage of the building is very imposing and gated, which presents an immediate physical barrier to anyone entering the club and therefore gives an impression of being exclusive and expensive. Although, as the head coach points out, the club is open to all, but it is how the club is perceived to be by the local residents which have caused the Mackintosh Centre to be almost ignored as a sports centre. At weekends however, the Mackintosh Centre takes on a completely different role as a host to a Farmers Market, This market is used by the wider community, including the student population who probably would not use the Centre for the leisure facilities. The Farmers Market presents fresh produce and an opportunity for students to try different types of foods. The Centre becomes accessible to all groups of people, not emitting the perceived sense of exclusivity as it does during the week. Although during the Farmers Market a wide range of residents use the Mackintosh Centre, there are Other buildings along City Road that seem to attract different age groups. The Taste Buds Cafe © is frequented by older people. The customers in the cafe © feel as they are valued both as customers and as individuals. The dialogue between the customers and Lloyd Robinson tell of sandwiches being made for us special (making Social Lives on City Road, 2009, cone 3). The customers feel a sense of security in the Cafe ©. However, different places along City Road may seemingly appear to exclude older people. Blakeley et al states Older people feel welcomed at Taste Buds Cafe © while they may think that they would not feel as welcomed in the Pool Hall. (Blakely et al, 2009, page 26). The Pool Hall is used more by younger people but this is because it is designed to appeal more to this age range. The Pool Hall is used during the evening When City Road is visited by more young people attracted by the bars and take-sways. A notable difference between the older people using the cat © urine the day and the younger people using the pool Hall at night was the sense of safety and security. The older group of people perceived this sense of security from the familiarity of the cafe © and its proprietor It is clear that the younger people did not have the same relationship with the proprietors in City Road as the older people had cultivated. Despite a female who Vass interviewed by Lloyd Robinson having recently moved to the area saying she finds its more friendly she also then described City Road as being dead rough at night (making Social Lives on City Road, 2009, scene 3) although it was also admitted it was just an impression. There are CATV cameras located along City Road but these have not alleviated the safety fears of the young people using the Pool Hall. In conclusion, material things do favor different groups Of people but it is often dependent on how the different groups perceive these material things. This essay has outlined how one particular building may, with a variation to its usage, appeal to a wider range of people and also alter how it is recognized. Nevertheless, it is also shown how buildings are deliberately designed to attract a specific group of people and how that business meets the needs of its customers. .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda , .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda .postImageUrl , .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda , .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda:hover , .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda:visited , .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda:active { border:0!important; } .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda:active , .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub3a38ca278267bdc01034d35be9b2eda:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drawing On Appropriate Evidence From Chapter EssayWord Count: 724 References Blakeley, Brimley, Clarke,J. , Aerogram, Silva, E, and Taylor, S. (2009) DOI Introducing the social sciences, Learning Companion 1, Milton Keynes, The Open University, Making Social Lives on City Road (2009) DOI Making Social Lives , Milton Keynes, The Open University. Self-reflection have found that I am enjoying studying the subject and meeting the tutor and other students during the tutorial has given me confidence. I have found it difficult to dedicate enough time to study however I am managing my time better as the weeks progress.

Zora Neal Hursto as an author an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Zora Neal Hursto as an author If one ponders the basic constructs of human civilization, it becomes apparent that society was set up to compete with the rest of Nature for food, power, and control. This creates a state in which the human animal feels alienated from the natural world. However, the continual separation of humanity from Nature is just nothing more than an illusion, as humanity can never be separated from their natural environment. Need essay sample on "Zora Neal Hursto as an author" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This is an oft-forgotten fact of life, and one that scientists, philosophers, and artists have persisted in communicating through their work. And, in varying degrees of obviousness, many great authors of modernity infused their examinations of modern society with messages of natural unity, which can all too easily be lost amidst noise of everyday human existence. In a tumultuous period that experienced a Great Depression and two world wars, Zora Neal Hurston proved her value as an author, displaying the intricacies of human society and how it is tied intrinsically to Nature. Hurston's work illustrated themes of Nature through the symbiotic hierarchy of the natural world, the undeniable power of the instincts that drive the reproductive process, and the observable but hardly comprehensible cyclical nature of existence, all relayed through natural imagery and metaphors and making her inclusion in the American literary cannon not only warranted, but essential. By the dawn of Modernity, the natural themes of the Romantics and transcendentalists were pushed aside for futurism, urbanism, and technology. Society, industry, class-these were the topics of interest to not only the writers of the late nineteenth century, but also the readers. Not until the tragedies of the twentieth century did people begin to clearly understand the violent hierarchy of human society and the natural world, through worldwide famine and disease, technologically precise mass murder, and an ever-increasing system of communication that allowed for the speedy acquisition of knowledge. Capitalism turned everything into a commodity and the world had no intentions of slowing down. The unique work of Zora Neal Hurston seemed to fly in the face of all of this and struck a blow at the true nature of modernity. In her masterpiece Their Eyes Were Watching God, through her simple pastoral wisdom and rejection of modern materialistic ideals, Hurston reminds the reader of the oppositional relation between some modernisms and their sometime Other, the cultural commodity (Trombold 85). In her work, the constructs of the human world are contrasted with the natural hierarchy and displayed through Janie and her ongoing quest to define herself in a world of social class, expectations, and her designated role as a black woman in the rural South. From the beginning of the novel, natural imagery and metaphors abound. Hurston uses natural imagery, including elements of the earth to symbolize emotions in her characters, especially Janie: "The elements of sun and fire cleanse and renew her. The wind, another elemental image, is first heard 'picking at the pine trees.' Pine trees, which Janie associates with young black men, like TeaCake, who are often seen 'picking' guitars" (Hooks 16). Janie is protected by her loving grandmother, Nanny, who almost takes on an earth mother role to the young girl, nurturing and raising her to be strong. Nanny's simple wisdom and desire to see Janie safe and happy seem to contradict the ideals of modernity, which sought progress and speed over all else, and call to mind a more pastoral mentality. However, Janie's quest for self-awareness and her desire for the unknown are more similar to the beliefs of modern women, and despite her grandmother's best interests for her, Janie wishes for something d ifferent, possibly representing the dichotomy between the old ways and the new. Janie's quest for the great-unknown possibilities is made with an analogy of Nature, in the form of the most expansive thing known in the natural world: the horizon. Allusions to the horizon are made early and often in the novel. The theme appears on the very first page: "Ships at a distance have every man's wish on board. For some they come in with the tide. For others they sail forever on the horizon, never out of sight, never landing until the Watcher turns his eyes away in resignation, his dreams mocked to death by Time. That is the life of men" (Hurston 175). To Janie, the natural horizon, endless and always out of reach, is for what she must constantly strive. Even dreams flow on the tide, sometimes coming in and sometimes getting lost at sea. As a young girl, Janie's natural growth from a girl to a woman is echoed in the natural surroundings: "Janie had spent most of the day under a blossoming pear tree in the back-yard. She had been spending every minute that she could steal from her chores under that tree for the last three days. That was to say, ever since the first tiny bloom had opened. It had called her to come and gaze on a mystery" (186). Like a flower, Janie is blossoming into adulthood, into a new consciousness where the truths of childhood seemed to fade into adult confusion and desire to know her place. "From barren brown stems to glistening leaf-buds; from the leaf-buds to snowy virginity of bloom. It stirred her tremendously. How? Why? It was like a flute song forgotten in another existence and remembered again. What? How? Why? This singing she heard that had nothing to do with her ears" (186). Janie hears the natural world calling to her, and though she fails to fully understand it, Hurston's descriptions m ake her connected to it instead of separate. At a time when the world of modernity moved at a breakneck speed, Janie and her world were completely removed and distant, though more connected to the natural beauty of existence. "The rose of the world was breathing out smell. It followed her through all her waking moments and caressed her in her sleep. It connected itself with other vaguely felt matters that had struck her outside observation and buried themselves in her flesh. Now they emerged and quested about her consciousness" (186). From the very beginning, it becomes apparent that the story of Janie is not a simple story of a modern girl, but instead a complex story of the many conflicts between modern thought and natural truth. Her desire for independence and freedom is contrasted with her overwhelming natural desires and the unseen force that seems to be calling to her and pushing her. The theme of nature also seems to have greater significance as a contrast to civilization and possibly, modernity itself. As a resident of Eatonville, Janie experiences the life Nanny always wished for her, with her status as the mayor's wife and her position at the town store. She has responsibility, comfort, yet she is repressed and lives a life that negates everything she desires. She is a success in civilized society, yet the role she is assigned is one she cares not to have. Contrasted with her life in Eatonville is her life in the Everglades, referred to as "the muck." While it has none of the creature comforts of Eatonville, no big, white house or manicured lawns, but a wild, untamed freedom that allows Janie to fully blossom and love life. But, the power of Nature and the fragility of life eventually show in the eventual death of Tea Cake, which though perpetrated by Janie, was really caused by the attack of a wild beast, but most importantly the force of the hurricane that a llows Janie to see the face of God in Nature. Janie finally realizes that God's power and the natural world are one in the same. The hurricane represents the destructive fury of Nature, in direct contrast to the pear tree and the bees, which suggest harmony and peace. But, the impersonal nature of the hurricane and its sheer force make Janie, Tea Cake, and the others who bare witness to its power question just what it is they see. As they huddled in their shanty, "their eyes straining against crude walls and their souls asking if He meant to measure their puny might against His. They seemed to be staring at the dark, but their eyes were watching God" (305). This force of Nature is the force of God, and Janie finally begins to realize her connection to the natural world. Writer Dolan Hubbard argues that being suspended between life and death just before the storm represents Janie's finest hour, "a religious response born of her having to come to terms with the impenetrable majesty of the divine" (Curren 21). With the advantage of experience, observation, and time, Janie finally finds God in Nature and with it peace, as "she pulled in her horizon like a great fish net" (Hurston 333). Through the framed recollection of her personal evolution, "Janie saw her life like a great tree in leaf with the things suffered, things enjoyed, things done and undone. Dawn and doom was in the branches" (181). Hurston continuously reiterates the cyclical nature of life, the natural balance, and the naturalistic acceptance of powers beyond the grasp of humanity; Janie finally becomes one with Nature, and her final connection with the natural world is furthe r appreciated when viewed against Hurston's use of magical realism while depicting Nature. From the contribution of her masterwork, Zora Neal Hurston not only transcended the simple description as an African American author, but she also transcended the conventions of modernity by offering a unique view of American life. Though it may be difficult for modern humans to see their connection to the natural world, it is simply from a lack of understanding, and Hurston's work made this connection to all things apparent. With the growing alienation brought with modernity, Hurston showed that humans can never be separate, no matter what walls they build, philosophies they adopt, or institutions they create. With a modern human world absorbed almost completely in societal values and constructs, Nature can often seem like more of an intrusion than an ally. But, Hurston shows that Nature is omnipresent, and like Janie, humans can see it with open eyes and open minds. The laws of the natural world are set, and it is up to humans to discover them. Hurston deserves entry into the liter ary cannon if only for creating work showing that humans will continue to fail in the quest to understand existence if they continue to separate themselves from Nature, and refuse to accept that human society is nothing but a part of a larger natural system. Works Cited: Curren, Erik D. "Should Their Eyes Have Been Watching God?: Hurston's Use of Religious. Experience and Gothic Horror." African American Review. Vol. 29, No. 1 (Spring, 1995), pp. 17-25. Hooks, Rita Daly. "Conjured into Being: Zora Neale Hurston's Their eyes were watching God." Florida Heritage Collection. 19 November 1990. 10 April 2008. http://fulltext10.fcla.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=fhp&idno=SF00000012&format=pdf . Hurston, Zora Neale. "Their Eyes Were Watching God." Novels & Stories. Ed. Cheryl A. Wall. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, Inc, 1995. 173-333. Trombold, John. "The Minstrel Show Goes to the Great War: Zora Neale Hurston's Mass Cultural Other." MELUS. Vol. 24, No. 1, African American Literature (Spring, 1999), pp. 85-107.

U.S.s Involvment in WWI essays

U.S.'s Involvment in WWI essays At the start of the war, President Wilson had declared the neutrality of the United States. Most Americans opposed US involvement in the European war, but the sinking of the Lusitania and other actions made by Germany, American citizens drew America sympathies to the Allies. German military leaders believed that they could still win the war by cutting off British supplies. They expected their U-boats to starve Britain into surrendering within a few months, longer before the US had fully prepared for war. Germany's government had announced it was its purpose to put aside all restraints of law or of humanity and use its submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of Great Britain and Ireland or the western coasts of Europe or any of the ports controlled by the enemies of Germany within the Mediterranean. The new policy has swept every restriction aside. Vessels of every kind, whatever their flag, their character, their cargo, their destination, their errand, had been ruthlessly terminated without warning and without help or mercy for those on board, the vessels of friendly neutrals along with those of nations against them, even hospital ships and ships carrying relief to the people of Belgium It is a war against all nations. American ships had been sunk, American lives taken, and the ships and people of other neutral and friendly nations had been sunk and overwhelmed in the waters in the same way. There has been no discrimination. The U.S. thought that it would suffice to assert their neutral rights with arms, which turned out to be a useless attempt. This is one reason the U.S. decided to go to war. Tension between the US and Germany increased after the British intercepted and decoded a message from Germany's minister, Arthur Zimmermann, the German ambassador to Mexico. This message was known as the "Zimmermann note". It revealed a German plot to persuade Mexico to go to war against the Unit...

The Genre of Epic Literature and Poetry

The Genre of Epic Literature and Poetry Epic poetry, related to heroic poetry, is a narrative art form common to many ancient and modern societies. In some traditional circles, the term epic poetry is restricted to the Greek poet Homers works The Iliad and The Odyssey and, sometimes grudgingly, the Roman poet Virgils The Aeneid. However, beginning with the Greek philosopher Aristotle who collected barbarian epic poems, other scholars have recognized that similarly structured forms of poetry occur in many other cultures. Two related forms of narrative poetry are trickster tales that report activities of very clever disrupter beings, human and god-like both; and heroic epics, in which the heroes are ruling class, kings and the like. In epic poetry, the hero is an extraordinary but also an ordinary human being and although he may be flawed, he is always brave and valorous. Characteristics of Epic Poetry The characteristics of the Greek tradition of epic poetry are long-established and summarized below. Almost all of these characteristics can be found in epic poetry from societies well outside of the Greek or Roman world. The content of an epic poem always includes the glorious deeds of heroes (Klea andron in Greek), but not just those types of things- the Iliad included cattle raids as well.   All About the Hero There is always an underlying  ethos  that says that to be a hero is to always be the best person he (or she, but mainly he) can be, pre-eminent beyond all others, primarily physical and displayed in battle. In Greek epic tales, intellect is plain common sense, there are never tactical tricks or strategic ploys, but instead, the hero succeeds because of great valor, and the brave man never retreats. Homers greatest poems are about the heroic age, about the men who fought at Thebes and Troy (a. 1275–1175 BCE), events that took place about 400 years before Homer wrote the Illiad and Odyssey. Other cultures epic poems involve a similarly distant historic/legendary past. The powers of the heroes of epic poetry are human-based: the heroes are normal human beings who are cast on a large scale, and although gods are everywhere, they only act to support or in some cases thwart the hero. The tale has a believed historicity, which is to say the narrator is assumed to be the mouthpiece of the goddesses of poetry, the Muses, with no clear line between history and fantasy. Narrator and Function The tales are told in a mannerly composition: they are often formulaic in structure, with repeated conventions and phrases. Epic poetry is performed, either the bard sings or chants the poem and he is often accompanied by others who act out the scenes. In Greek and Latin epic poetry, the meter is strictly dactylic hexameter; and the normal assumption is that epic poetry is long, taking hours or even days to perform. The narrator has both objectivity and formality, he is seen by the audience as a pure narrator, who speaks in the third person and the past tense. The poet is thus the custodian of the past. In Greek society, the poets were itinerant who traveled throughout the region performing at festivals, rites of passage like funerals or weddings, or other ceremonies. The poem has a social function, to please or entertain an audience. It is both serious and moral in tone but it doesnt preach. Examples of Epic Poetry Mesopotamia: Epic of GilgameshGreek: The Iliad, The OdysseyRoman: The AeneidIndia: Loriki, Bhagavad Gita, the Mahabharata, RamayanaGerman: The Ring of the Nibelung, RolandOstyak: The Song of the Golden HeroKhirghiz: SemeteyEnglish: Beowulf, Paradise LostAinu: Pon-ya-un-be, Kutune ShirkaGeorgia: The Knight in the PantherEast Africa: Bahima Praise PoemsMali: SundiataUganda: Runyankore Source:Hatto AT, editor. 1980. Traditions of Heroic and Epic Poetry. London: Modern Humanities Research Association.

Henri Fayol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Henri Fayol - Essay Example Organizing is the next step of management after planning. The materials or resources required for the project must identified at the planning stage itself which should be arranged at the organizing stage. The next step is to co-ordinate between different players of the project. For example, different types of works may be required for a project which may be done partly at different places. There should be a co-ordination between the members of the project in order to ensure the success of the project. The manager must act as a link in the co-ordination process. Commanding and controlling are the last step in management action. If the project is done partly at different places, nobody, except the manger knows about the final outcome of the project. So commanding and controlling of the project must be done by the manager. For example, in tire manufacturing industry, various parts of the tire, tread, beads, plies, etc. are manufacturing at different places of the plant. These parts have different specifications for different types of tires like car tire truck tire etc. The manager is the only person who has better idea about which tire should be manufactured with priority and for that purpose which parts need to be manufactured at other locations. Based on that, he has to advice the workers at different sections like bead section, tread section, and ply section. â€Å"Henri Fayol, an advocate of the experimental method, built his administrative theory from his experiences† (Wren). Today’s managers heavily depend on academic credentials for solving problems. They are totally wrong. They must realize that as in the case of every other segment of life, practice makes a person perfect. No academy or institution can give us readymade solutions for everyday problems face by the mangers. Education can only guide a manager to arrive at conclusions rather than taking decisions. Decisions of managers must be custom made for the organization he is working

The role of a dissertation committee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The role of a dissertation committee - Essay Example Indeed, the dissertation committee "has several critical functions" (Studies, 2006) which is why the committee members are selected with tremendous caution. While the committee initially may serve as an invaluable resource to the candidate during the formulation, research and writing phases of the dissertation, they also provide important feedback, guidance and maintain that the efforts of the candidate are properly guided. Furthermore the committee is responsible for conducting a formal defense of the dissertation proposal before the student proceeds further. (Studies, 2006) The chair is responsible for ultimately guiding the doctoral candidate into creating a piece that is original and a worthy contribution to their field. The dissertation committee additionally serves the graduate school and the faculty of the graduate school.. This is done by providing the perspective of one who is not a specialist on the quality of the dissertation. Thus it cannot be said that the committee mere ly assists and represents the student. Their role must not and should not be minimalized as the court in Johnson did.. Note that the judge does not take a position on whether Yale owes a fiduciary duty to Johnson, but allows him to attempt to demonstrate this duty in court. What aspects of the relationship between a graduate student and her faculty advisors might create a fiduciary relationship How does this relationship differ from that of the attorney/client or trustee/beneficiary relationship It is easy to see a fiduciary relationship based upon the supervisory relation between the student and the dissertation board. What is lacking, however and unlike the attorney/client and trustee/beneficiary relationship is the actual payment of fees for that professionals services. A university is paid for the education, but the dissertation committee is not paid directly. I think that there is a somewhat different relationship. Honestly, the answer lies in what the court of a particular jurisdiction defines as a "fiduciary duty. Internet surfing indicates that fiduciary duty is defined as the trust relationship between two people but notably refers to attorneys as an example.1 While there is a relationship between the student and the dissertation committee, I do not think it rises to the level of fiduciary duty. In the CPM, read the case Grutter v. Bollinger and answer Questions 3 and 4 in at least two pages. 3.The Grutter majority opinion (like the Gratz majority opinion) applies "strict scrutiny" review to the affirmative action plan at issue. Why does strict scrutiny review apply here What are the components of strict scrutiny review The dissenting Justices also agree that strict scrutiny review applies, but they disagree with the way in which the majority applies strict scrutiny. What is the crux of this disagreement The reason why the strict scrutiny test is applied is because any issue with regards to race must have more than a mere governmental interest for the government to intervene in any matter, there must be a strong basis and not simply opinion but actual evidence to go with it. These are the components of strict scrutiny review. The reason for the splintering of the Justices, I believe, was best said by Justice Powell, who was careful to emphasize that in his view race "is only one element in a range of factors a university properly may consider in attaining the goal of a heterogeneous student

Business Proposal Outline Essay Example for Free

Business Proposal Outline Essay This is a summary that can answer the question: what kind or type of business am I in? You must be able to answer this with a one sentence answer that summarizes everything youll do. Youll use this as a tag line when meeting business people as you market your business or as an introductorily statement presented to a lender. Structure Define your business as a Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, C Corporation, S Corporation or Limited Liability Corporation. To accomplish this will require the skills and expense of a good attorney specializing in small business. Management See more: argument essay format Youll need bios and resumes on your principal team players, including details of their experience, education, noteworthy achievements and why youll think they will be an asset. Employees How many and how will you hire them? What qualifications are you looking for? Will you outsource? What about compensations, benefits, workmans comp insurance or health plans? Finances Accounting In house or subcontracted? Computerized? What software will you need? Youll need a proforma profit and loss statement with income and profit projections forecasted out three years. What kind of a balance sheet method will you use? Youll need three-year projections of assets and cash-flow. Will you outsource for expertise in this area? Who can you hire and who can recommend reliable professionals? How much will a qualified CPA cost you a year? What services will he/she provide? Technology What are your needs? How will you use your equipment and in what aspects of your business? What file databases are you going to maintain? How much power do you need to maintain these? Can you option for online vendors or do you have to install an in-house system,? What about IT? Outsourced or hired? What is you budget for upgrades of equipment and software? Will you be doing graphics and promotional materials design in-house or outsourced? What about spyware, malware and virus protections? More Than An Afterthought Writing a business plan that is comprehensive will require a lot of work and thought. But once its done, youll have a tool that can breathe and grow as your business grows. A successful business plan template will be divided into sections allowing the reader an easy interpretation of what your goals are and how you plan to achieve them. It should include the following: †¢Cover Sheet. Includes the name of the new business and the principals involved. †¢Table of Contents. Easily divides the plan into different sections and allows for easy navigating. †¢Executive Summary and Mission Statement. Introduces the business idea, summarizes the ideas and goals and what you intend to accomplish. †¢Start-Up Costs and Operations. Lists all the details of the items and costs required to get started as well as the operating costs once the business has opened its doors. This includes all expenses such as rent, supplies, administration, equipment and employees. †¢Marketing Plan. Your strategy for advertising and other methods of gaining clients. †¢Revenue Projection. Your financial forecast over a period of several years. †¢Appendix.

Hot Import Nights :: essays research papers

Car shows and race events are probably the largest forms of gatherings in America. People will spend all their money and drive long distances to show off their precious vehicle. Countless hours are spent cleaning, waxing, and prepping for a show quality finish. Hot Import Nights (HIN) is the largest car meet in the United States. Its flashy set-up and eye catching themes keep car enthusiasts craving for more all year long. This show is mainly for the younger group because they are the biggest spenders of products to modify their automobiles. Many would be disappointed if this ever ended. I support Hot Import Nights one-hundred percent because of the activities and product it brings to so many people. HIN is brought to just about every major city in the United States so that no one is left out. It’s a great chance for every one of all ages to get out and have some fun. As long as there is a passion for cars in their hearts it will be the most fun they have all year. Since there is so many people there from all over its amazing how different people are; social class, wealth, race, or gender doesn’t affect how people look at each other here, it is all about the cars. NOTHING else all year will give anyone a better chance to bond with dad than to spend a weekend with cars and just hang out. Most people go in large groups ranging anywhere from five friends all the way up to a hundred car crazed maniacs. It is very easy to find someone to go with, so nobody has an excuse not to go! HIN holds many events over its weekend to keep everyone entertained. There are several drag races for a wide variety of cars and prizes given to the winners. The great thing about HIN is that anyone can enter their car in the show event. Usually ranging from about 500-1000 cars brought just by locals, people love showing off their car to everyone that stops by. Just as the drag races, the show events give out many awards for having the wildest looking car and the craziest interior. Many people will just walk around during show events and talk to others with the same type of car as them. It’s a great chance to learn a lot about their car that they probably would have never found out.

Re-appropriating the Parable of the Sower into the Modern Context Essay

â€Å"The Word of God,† the letter to the Hebrews writes, â€Å"is living and active† (Heb 4:12). In ways more than one, this passage tells of the eternal character that marks the truths found in the Scriptures; for while the written texts of the Scriptures have long been established – read: definitively canonized – thousands of years ago, the teachings and wisdom which are contained therein are never confined into either the timeframes or specific contexts of the written literatures themselves. Instead, the truths of the Bible speak to all believers in the past or in the present (as even in the future). As indeed, it is normative even, for Christians scattered all over the world, to glean faith and life lessons from the timeless teachings of the Bible. On account of these reasons therefore, it is surely not bereft of good reasons to claim that the Bible, all things considered, is a universal source of inspiration for all peoples of all times and places. Rationale and Scope  In view of the foregoing, the roadmap and central thesis of this term paper is aimed at appropriating a particular truth of the Bible into the present context. This is done on the underlying assumption that the stories in the Bible offer timeless lessons and truths, if only they are appropriately discerned within any particular context or situation. Specifically, paper attempts to make a successful re-appropriation of the Parable of the Sower; and the modern context into which it shall be retold would be in â€Å"workplaces† – i. . , into the context of people’s professional life and, in many ways, in the manner by which they conduct business enterprises. The choice to re-appropriate the Parable of the Sower into the context of people’s affairs relative to their business enterprises or professional jobs is an option taken not without discerned reasons to say the least. Christians, ever since, have always been called to bear witness to the faith they profess by living exemplary lives right within their very contexts. And since, nowadays, many people spend most of their times in their respective workplaces, the need to bear witness to the truths of the Gospel within these types of environments surely becomes even more urgent. Schminke, citing the idea of Delbecq, in fact argues that â€Å"at the beginning of the century,† the â€Å"non-business settings† acted as the locus where peoples’ â€Å"moral character was forged†; today meanwhile, â€Å"the employing organization takes up much of people’s preoccupation and time,† and, as a consequence, it â€Å"informs and shapes both (the) behavior and character† of modern peoples (ix). There are surely enough good reasons to say that, in view of Schminke’s observation, the Parable of the Sower – as a particular truth propounded by the Gospel – can speak volumes to the manner by which people of this contemporary setting respond to the invitation to seek the ways of God right into their otherwise non-religious contexts. Retelling the Parable in a Contemporary Context Before proceeding with the re-interpretation of the parable, it may be good to note that the Parable of the Sower appears in all Synoptic Gospels –namely, in the Matthew 1: 1-23, Mark 4: 3-20 and Luke 8: 4-15. At the very least however, it would appear that the story attempted to drive home a singular lesson: that God has made salvation openly available for all people; but the quality of a person’s response is what determines if one has helped oneself make that salvation work for his or her own life. The parable, essentially, is about the manner by which human persons respond to God’s call to salvation (Suarez 2). And key to attaining one’s salvation lies in â€Å"listening intently† to the ubiquitous invitation of God to live out the message of the Gospel in every moment of one’s life (Maxwell 103). If the Parable of the Sower is about the quality of a person’s response to God’s invitation to encounter Him at every moment of one’s life, how then should the story be properly re-appropriated into the context of one’s professional or â€Å"work-related† life? First, one can note the significance of the Sower’s sowing of seeds to this end, as this is the first aspect brought into the fore by the parable. The Gospel recounts: â€Å"A Sower went out to sow† (Mat 13: 3). This first statement itself, can be interpreted in a lot of ways. But what proves to be chiefly important for this study is to note that the act of â€Å"sowing of seeds† can mean that first, that Jesus announced the message of salvation without discrimination and prejudice, and that, second, while He was aware that people can take the message in a myriad of different ways, Jesus went on to proceed with sowing the seeds of salvation nevertheless. In many ways, one must always remember that these two aspects are especially applicable in one’s professional lives. Much too often, people think that, because business environments or professional workplaces are chiefly concerned with ensuring company’s development and growth, and applying key economic concepts thereof, or maintaining a healthy level of profitability for the company, the nature of these jobs have nothing to do with religiosity or the practice of one’s faith. And at the other side of the coin, people think that spirituality, or even the basic sensitivity to God’s presence, has to be confined within the august walls of the church. But this paradigm is problematic, if not all together false. If the Sower had sown seeds on to all types of grounds – whether nurturing or adverse to the seeds – then people should realize that the nurturing one’s faith is not confined to the time one spends in the church, but embraces all aspects of one’s life, including those times spent in one’s profession and work. Which is why, the call to live out that faith demands that one must find ways to recognize the presence of God within in these environments. For at the very least, even when one is immersed in an environment which, on the surface, has nothing to do with one’s exercise of faith, the challenge to be always conscious of the religious precepts demanding ethical conduct at all times and in all places, by choosing to adhere to the â€Å"framework of general principles of right or wrong,† and learning what one ought to do, and what one’s duties are,† ultimately has to be dealt with no matter what (Guy 22). Secondly, the significance of the four types of grounds on to which the seeds fell merits considerable attention in this regard. As indeed, it is certainly wise to ask how these characterizations best exemplify the context of people who find themselves at the heart of domineering culture of business enterprises. Jesus continues on with the parable: â€Å"As he sowed, some seeds fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured them† (Mat 13: 4). And, purporting its corresponding interpretation, Jesus furthers: â€Å"When anyone hears the word of the kingdom and does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what is sown along the path† (Mat 13: 19). Pavements, because they is too often â€Å"packed so tightly†, as well as finished in a manner evened and leveled, makes a good place for â€Å"easy pickings for the birds† (The Bible Church). If taken into the modern context, Jesus here may be argued to be referring to people who, far from being ignorant, do not just give much thought about their belief system or faith. Herein it makes sense to call these people as atheists – people who, while not directly denying the existence of God, nevertheless â€Å"do not make any assertion whatsoever about him† or about the need to believe in Him (Gaudium et Spes 919). These are the types of people who manifest wholesale disinterestedness in asking questions about God or His precepts, since they find it meaningless. And in many ways, there are a lot of people of this nature in the world of business enterprise. Among others, these people are the ones who do not feel chiefly accountable to a higher authority in conducting business. Surely, it is not surprising to hear of unethical practices being committed within workplaces. In fact, it is a commonly held assumption that the â€Å"practice of business enterprise† smacks of a â€Å"dark side: narcissism, greed, political ruthlessness and injustice perpetrated on employees† (Schminke x). If these phenomena say something about the point in contention, it merely speaks of the manner by which â€Å"the modern world itself, though not of its very nature but because it is too engrossed in the concerns of this world, can often make it harder to approach God† (Gaudium et Spes 919). The Gospel proceeds: â€Å"Other seeds fell on rocky ground, where they had not much soil, and immediately they sprang up, since they had no depth of soil, but when the sun rose they were scorched; and since they had no root they withered away† (Mat 13: 5-6). In view of this description, Jesus explains further: â€Å"As for what is sown on rocky ground, this is he who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy; yet he has no root in himself, but endures for a while, and when tribulation or persecution arises on account of the world, immediately he falls away† (Mat 13: 20-21). By right of observation, one can attest to the fact that rocky grounds are indeed replete with small weeds. But since there is â€Å"no place for a hardy root system to develop†, no plant ever grows from among the rocks (The Bible Church). The cited passage can be reinterpreted as a description referring to people who readily assume that faith is but a matter of intellectual exercise and conceptual frameworks. In modern society, there are a lot of people who, without knowing it, belong to this categorization. Suarez maintains that it is â€Å"risky† for believers to treat the truths of the Gospel as â€Å"mere object of ingenious intellectual dissertations (as well as) of brilliant and polemical but superficial essays† (2). For all its promises however, this type of attitude towards faith lacks breadth and depth, and ultimately, does not change one’s behavior for the better. In the field of business, many people are exactly such type of believers. These happen when, despite being idealistic about doing things rightly in the first place, certain individuals start to trade off moral precepts demanded by religion – such as honesty, justice, transparency and truth – for certain self-serving interests such as good name, promotions and sizeable profits, in the long run. Lack of conviction breeds a kind of faith lacking with the courage of bear witness. And like someone who hears the Word of God but, apparently, does not listen, a person who cannot bear witness to the truths of the Gospels in his or her workplace surely is reluctant to practice what he or she so delightfully hears on account of the difficulties that arise with the obedience is demanded corollary to it (Suarez 4). By and by Jesus continues the parable: â€Å"And some fell among thorns; and the thorns sprung up, and chocked them† (Mat 13:7); and, explaining it further, He argues, â€Å"He who received seed among thorns is he who heard the word; but the care of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, choke the word, and he became unfruitful† (Mat 13:22). Immediately, one may rightly surmise that this categorization reflects, in many ways, the general atmosphere of modern society. In fact, Cardinal Hume firmly believes that the contemporary milieu is gripped with a controlling desire towards consumerism and materialism; and, such unmistakable preponderance to what the world offers, endangers peoples’ faith as a consequence (61). To be sure, it is certainly not difficult to re-interpret this particular passage in the modern context of business enterprise for the plain reason that it is normative for nearly all types of business outfits to engage in trades that ensures growth and progress. Surely, such preeminent emphasis (which companies lay) on accruing profits has significant impacts in the peoples’ – read: employees’ – belief and value systems. Put in other words, if the company puts higher premium than most on achieving worldly success, the people employed under are said to follow suit, without them even realizing it. Guy even contends that â€Å"company traditions† can â€Å"creep into a person’s normative judgments† easily (47). And concretely, this happens when the company unreasonably demands from its employees’ their unqualified attention and time – on account of the need to work for higher earnings – and thereby not leaving them with space for their relational and spiritual needs. The results can therefore prove to be detrimental to the peoples’ faith; for if many people would simply shrug off the need to attend to their spiritual needs, by saying that â€Å"they just do not have the time† for it, then there are reasons to think that â€Å"the many cares and snares of this world† truly render Christian faith unprolific, if not meaningless altogether. Finally though, Jesus speaks of the Good News to end the parable in an optimistic tone: â€Å"But the other seeds fell into good ground, and brought forth fruit; some a hundredfold, some sixtyfold, some thirtyfold† (Mat 13:8). To such description, Jesus appends: â€Å"But he who received seed into the good ground is the one who heard the word, and understood it; which also bore fruit, and brought forth, some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty† (Mat 13:23). In here, Jesus’ parable reaches its climax; it offers its central thesis – namely, that the way towards a meaningful life lies in listening to what the Lord says, understanding the message thereof, and putting its lessons in one’s life (Suarez 8). Interpreting this aspect into the modern context of conducting business, and living in the world of business altogether, is surely not difficult to do. This is because there are faithful Christians – immersed, as they were, into the morally-adverse structure of business enterprise – who still are able to discover the presence of God right into their otherwise difficult situations. One may perhaps cite how many business ethicists believe that there are still a good number of employees feel that it pays off not resorting to malpractices at the expense of compromising opportunities to practice ethical and religious principles (Guy 22). For instance, it is not uncommon to hear of stories involving high-profiled dissenters and whistleblowers who tried to rectify incidences of corruption, fraud or theft in their workplaces. Even when their decision to come out into the open comes with a high price – e. g. eing frowned upon by colleagues, or worse, losing their jobs ultimately – these exemplary people have shown exactly how one should practice the mandate of the Gospel and seek God’s ways in every moments of life. People who act ethically and observe religious precepts faithfully in workplaces too often show the world what faith in God truly means. For faith, as the learned John Constantino writes, â€Å"deals with the nature of God, with the essence of spirituality, and with the quintessential manifestation of that spirituality in our day-to-day lives† (4). Conclusion  By way of conclusion, this paper ends with a thought that affirms the tenability of re-appropriating the Parable of the Sower into the lives of modern people, who spend much of their times in their respective workplaces. In the first place, it was learned that the parable can lend an insightful thought which affirms the universal character of God’s call to salvation – i. e. , God sows the seed of salvation to all types of environment, even those – like the business environments – that may appear to be adverse to persons’ religious and spiritual ideals. In the succeeding discussions which were developed, it was likewise seen that Jesus’ description on the four types of soils can be taken as analogical references to the four types of attitudes that may be exercised in the workplace. But in the final analysis, the paper also affirms the fact that modern Christians are called to emulate the seed that fell into the good soil, and thereby put into practice the truths that are found in the Scriptures itself.

Discuss Poe’s use of Setting Essay

In this essay I’ll looking at the stories â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart†, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Black Cat†. I will discuss in detail Edgar Allen Poe’s use of setting in these three stories. Edgar Allen Poe in a very well known and well respected writer and so gives a lot of attention to detail in his stories and chooses the chooses the setting for them perfectly and explains them with great detail. The story â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† is set at midnight to give it a sense of mystery and horror. The story â€Å"The Cast of Amontillado† is set in the evening and the last story that I’m studying â€Å"The Black Cat† is the longer of the three and so there’s many different setting. These settings include when the main character returns home one night much intoxicated on alcohol or when the main character sits in a â€Å"den of infamy†. Poe uses setting in his stories in very diverse ways, to develop themes, express a state of mind and to create horror. He uses different types of setting for example physical setting and location, setting of time and setting of the psychological mind of the narrator. These three types of setting work together to produce elements of the genre of gothic literature and also to reflect incidents and influences of Poe’s life. . In a way Poe’s real life reflects the lives of the characters in his stories for example he was a heavy drinker, his marriage was troubled and there were rumours that he died from rabies. Poe uses unnatural sounds in his stories to create tension and fear. Some of the sounds he creates are like when he says â€Å"dripping walls† or â€Å"drops of moisture†. Poe also uses ordinary places to create fear such as the catacombs, vault or under the floorboards. In all 3 Poe stories the victims face burial, the places of burial differ in all 3. In â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† the narrator bury the old man under the floorboards. In â€Å"The Black Cat† the wife’s buried in the walls as in the â€Å"Cask of Amontillado†. The immolation in these spaces represents coffins it’s also noticeable that stairs are present in all 3 stories which is like a symbol to a stairway to hell or the underworld. The burials are also symbolic to how the narrator is trying to bury his guilt. Poe’s use of language encourages links with superstition and evil. In â€Å"The Black Cat† the narrator elaborates how his crimes are truly evil. â€Å"†¦I knew that in so doing I was committing a deadly sin that would so jeopardise my immortal soul as to place it †¦ even beyond the reach of the infinite mercy of the most merciful and most terrible God†. The narrator tells each story in first person, allowing the reader to access the mind of the evildoer. The result of this is that you can see inside the mind of the protagonist. The reason that he does this is because it makes you feel like you’re an accomplice to the murder and also you see the main character in â€Å"The Black Cat† slowly degenerate into a state of madness. The use of first person also encourages the reader to feel horror and revolution to the protagonists. I think that all three of the stories discussed in this essay have links with superstition and the devil. The use of Poe’s language reinforces the idea of the presence of evil and to suggest that some force is controlling the narrator (also this takes the blame from him). The protagonists all take the law into their own hands which goes against Christian teachings. Some of the language he uses in these stories to show the presence of evil are â€Å"Fury of a demon†, â€Å"odious pestilence†, â€Å"Terror†, â€Å"Dreadful† and â€Å"Violently†. The title of the story â€Å"The black Cat† is related to witches. People believe that someone who posses the evil eye can cause bad happenings and illness, eyes painted on Mediterranean boats reflect this. The evil eye goes against the idea of eyes and vision and is directly mentioned in â€Å"The Tell Tale Eye† and blamed for the actions of the murder. He describes the man of having the eye of a vulture and he describes it as being a pale blue eye with a film over it. The idea of retribution differs in the three stories as in two of the stories, the protagonists are arrested. However in the other story the narrator gets away with his crime. He is smug when he buries Fortunado and parts with the comment â€Å"In Pace reguisciat† which means ‘Rest in Peace’. Although he said Rest in Peace he himself will not because he will be judged by God and face hell. Poe uses setting effectively to create tension and horror in his stories. He makes obvious uses of the gothic genre to bring the feeling of fear alive.

The current status of copyright law essays

The current status of copyright law essays A copyright provides the creator of an intellectual production with ownership and exclusive rights to publish, print, distribute, or sell the copyrighted material. Intellectual productions that are eligible for copyright privileges include written material, written and recorded music, paintings, sculptures, photographs, movies, videos and video games, computer programs, and many other mediums of creative expression. To qualify for copyright protection a work must be creative, exist in physical form, and be originally produced by the author. A copyright cannot protect ideas, facts, titles, names, short phrases, or blank forms. Generally, a copyright is owned by the creator of a work, but there are some exceptions. If an employee creates a work during the course of employment, the employer may own the copyright. Likewise, if an independent contractor creates the work, the copyright may be held by the commissioning organization. Additionally, if the owner of a copyright sells the rights to a work, the purchasing party becomes the copyright owner. In the case that two or more authors contribute to a joint work, they are considered joint copyright owners and have equal right to register and enforce the copyright. For works published after 1977, the copyright is enforceable for the life of the author plus seventy years. After this time period, the work enters the "public domain", and anyone has access to it without infringing on the copyright. As of March 1, 1989, a published work is automatically protected as soon as it is created. It is advantageous, however, to register the work with the U.S. Copyright Office for a number of reasons. Registering a work strengthens the rights of the creator in case of a copyright violation by allowing a lawsuit to be brought against the violator. Although an unregistered work is protected, a lawsuit cannot be brought to enforce it until it has been registered. Additionally, if a work is r...

The Tiber River of Rome

The Tiber River of Rome The Tiber is one of longest rivers in  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Italy. It is about 250 miles long and varies between 7 and 20 feet deep. It is the second longest river in Italy, after the Po. The Tiber flows from the Apennines at Mount Fumaiolo through Rome and into the Tyrrhenian Sea at Ostia. Most of the city of Rome is to the east of the Tiber River. The area to the west, including the island in the Tiber, Insula Tiberina, was in Augustus XIVth region of  Rome. Origin of the Name Tiber The Tiber was originally called Albulula because it was so white, but it was renamed Tiberis after Tiberinus, who was a king of Alba Longa who drowned in the river. Theodor Mommsen says the Tiber was the natural highway for traffic in Latium and provided an early defense against neighbors on the other side of the river, which in the area of Rome runs approximately southwards. History of the Tiber In antiquity, ten bridges were built over the Tiber. Eight spanned the Tiber, while two permitted passage to the island. Mansions lined the riverside, and gardens leading to the river provided Rome with fresh fruits and vegetables. The Tiber was also a major highway for Mediterranean trade of oil, wine, and wheat. The Tiber was an important military focus for hundreds of years. During the third century B.C.E., Ostia (a town on the Tiber) became a naval base for the Punic Wars. The Second Veientine War (437-434 or 428-425 B.C.E.) was fought over control of a crossing of the Tiber. The disputed crossing was at Fidenae, five miles upstream from Rome. Attempts to tame the Tibers floods were unsuccessful. While today it flows between high walls, during Roman times it regularly overflowed its shores. The Tiber as a Sewer The Tiber was connected with the Cloaca Maxima, the sewer system of Rome, attributed to king Tarquinius Priscus. The Cloaca Maxima was built during the sixth-century B.C.E. as a canal, or channel, through the city. Based on an existing stream, it was expanded and lined with stone. By the third century B.C.E. the open channel had been lined with stone and covered with a vaulted stone roof. At the same time, Augustus Caesar had major repairs made to the system. The original purpose of the Cloaca Maxima was not to carry off waste, but rather to manage stormwater to avoid floods. Rainwater from the Forum district flowed downhill to the Tiber through the Cloaca. It wasnt until the time of the Roman Empire that public baths and latrines were connected to the system. Today, the Cloaca is still visible and still manages a small amount of Romes water. Much of the original stonework has been replaced by concrete.

Management Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Accounting - Research Paper Example In a case where the building is not being utilized, the cost which is $9000 will be paid. Explanation: The variable unit cost (unit cost of hamburgers) remains the same even if the number of units sold change. However the total cost increases as the increased number units is multiplied by the unit cost. On the other hand the unit fixed cost and total fixed cost (building rent) remains the same since its cost is not dependent on the number of units sold therefore all the cost has to be paid for the rent. Financial accounting illustrates the performance of a business over specific periods (usually at the end of an accounting year). They are directed towards external users of accounting information such as investors and creditors. These accounts typically present a historic view on the financial performance of the business [1] Management accounting is used by the management to record, plan and control the activities of a business and to help in taking decisions. They can be made for any period or accounting year. It provides information for internal users like the employees, managers, and executives of the company. Management accounts largely focus on analyzing historical performance to give budgets and forecasts for the future. [1] GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) and Accounting Standards are followed in financial accounting while in managerial accounting there are no legal requirements to prepare management accounts. [2] Reporting Format In management accounting confidential financial reports are prepared for the exclusive use of top management within an organization. Specific accounting formulas and equations are used to reach to these reports. Such reports may include: Sales Forecasting reports; Budget analysis and comparative analysis; Feasibility studies; Merger and consolidation reports While on the other hand financial accounting helps prepare financial reports, that include the basic reporting requirements of profitability, liquidity, solvency and stability. Both internal and external users can view these reports. [2] Time Period of Information Managerial Accounting gives the management those reports that are future-oriented, while Financial Accounting give reports based on historical information to use statistical methods to reach at future values. [2] Detail of Information The details from financial accounts provide information on the business as one unit rather than analyzing the different elements of the business. [2] The management accounts focus on specific areas of the activities performed by the business such as information about its products, the different locations of business or the information about the departments. [2] Nature of Information The nature of information provided by financial accounts is mostly monetary. While management accou

Tax in general Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tax in general - Essay Example There are many forms of tax, and they vary in the tax rates. This difference in the types and rates of tax is for the distribution of the tax burden among many individuals and classes that exist in the population. These individuals are involved in various businesses and taxable activities in history the noble people were supported by the taxes that were imposed on the poor people, in the modern social settings, the taxes are intended for the support of the poor people, the retired and the disabled people, this is managed through the taxation of the working class individuals. Some countries use tax to fund military and foreign aid, and influencing the macroeconomic performance of the economy (Smith et al 56). The taxation system of any country or nation is a reflection of the communal values and the value of those in power. The government in determining the distribution of the taxes must make a critical choice and who is eligible for taxation. The government also has to determine how the tax collected will be utilized. In most democratic nations, the people elect members of the tax system who are in charge of the system. The choices made reflect the community, which the public wishes to create (Smith et al 90). The public is often dissatisfied with the way the government utilizes the funds collected fro taxation. Taxes that levied for the funding of government projects and programs are deviated later to the general government funds. In the other case, the taxes are collected using inefficient methodologies that leave the public dissatisfied (Hopkins 37). Taxation creates distortion in the market and these results in economic inefficiency. Other individuals argue that most, if not all, forms of taxations are immoral. This is because they are involuntary in nature and an individual does not have the option of forfeiting taxation. This is considered tax fraud and can lead to imprisonment

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Prion Protein Alleles renders Essay

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Prion Protein Alleles renders susceptibility or resistance to Natural Scrapie in sheep - Essay Example Among these 3 codons there are 5 alleles generated that causes resistance and 3 alleles generated that causes susceptibility to the disease. Therefore, genotype of the breeds may dictate susceptibility or resistance to scrapie. Scrapie can be highly infectious and transmissible among similar species. But being a genetic disease, only individuals that are susceptible in the prion protein (PrP) gene could be infected, regardless of any environmental factors. The objective of this research is to analyze each species genotype as to their genetic make up for alleles. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the genotype of the three codons mentioned earlier, renders sheep susceptible or resistant to the disease. The research will involve the genotypic comparison of two breeds of sheep: The Awassi flock and The North Country Cheviot flock, to see which genotype of the two breeds resembles the disease allele the most. DNA extraction and amplification will be done through PCR amplification. F urthermore, identification of the nucleotide sequences that closely resemble those of the disease allele will be determined using methods of restriction enzymes and specific primer binding sites. PROJECT SUMMARY The purpose of this study is to identify sheep susceptibility and resistance for scrapie from two different breeds based strictly on genotypic variations due to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codons 136, 154 and 171. The primary reason for carrying out this research is to increase awareness about the fatal neurological disease in order to encourage farmers and breeders to take proper measurements in identifying the correct symptoms and to use proper sterile techniques to minimize transmission of the disease from environmental factors. More drastically, with no treatment or cure for scrapie, breeders can anticipate selective breeding to eradicate scrapie by mating a resistant ram (ARR) with any ewe. Thus, it will assure a resistant genotype for scrapie in the offspri ngs. Although selective breeding showed to have a few successes in the past, the method is not guaranteed to work every time, since factors such as mutation and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) render the animal susceptible to acquiring the disease upon interaction. INTRODUCTION Scrapie is a dangerous, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of sheep and goats. The disease is also referred to as la tremblante (French: trembling), Traberkrankheit (German: trotting disease), or rida (Icelandic: ataxia or tremor) (Detwiler 1992). The disease was first recognized as affecting sheep in Great Britain and other countries of Western Europe over 250 years ago. The earliest definite record of the incidence of scrapie was in Britain in 1732. Following this event, there were accounts of a scrapie-like disease occurring in the Dorset Horn, Wiltshire Horn and Norfolk Horn breeds in England between 1750 and the early 1800s. Scrapie progressed in becoming a major problem in the English Suffolk breed around 1950, leading to successive financial loss in flocks. In 1938, first report of the disease was identified in Canada and since then there have been over 167 flocks in 6 Canadian provinces with confirmed cases of classical scrapie (Plummer 1946). In general, there is a gradual development of clinical cases of scrapie that have been recorded in many regions around the world; notable exceptions are Australia and New Zealand. This is due

English Discussion Question Essay Example for Free

English Discussion Question Essay Irony plays a major part in Raymond Carver’s Popular Mechanics. As the man tries to seize the infant from her, the woman accuses him of hurting the baby. The irony is that she, too, hurts the baby. In fact, both of them are hurting the baby. Both of them want the best for their child, but they are unconscious that the effect of their separation will greatly affect the kid. Like in many broken families, the child suffers the most. Another irony in the story is that the couple wants to part ways. However, as they fight over the baby, nobody wants to give in. It is as if they are using the baby as an excuse to keep the separation at bay and waiting for anything that may change the break up to happen. Deep in their hearts, they don’t really want to separate after all. Compared to other stories with conventional style, the Popular Mechanics is different as the author uses unorthodox approach. What is unusual is the absence of the quotation marks for the direct speech in the conversation between the two main characters. This makes the story confusing because there is the tendency for the readers to mix up the narration with the dialog. The story also is direct and unadorned with rhetorical devices, which are common to many stories and novels. Aside from that, the author stays neutral and does not express his own opinion to either of the characters. He acts like a camera that transmits what is happening as he sees it. He leaves the story open for the readers to come out with their own speculations and conclusion. The story gives a vivid picture of what is going on to many families nowadays. The plot is very common: separation of married couple leads to the demise of their child/children. Due to its plainness, the story becomes insensitive. It is difficult to imagine a husband and a wife each pulling a hand of their infant. Although it is not indicated what happened to the infant, it is easy to assume that his tender limbs are impaired or, worse, detached. It is unfortunate that the settlement of the couple’s conflict is the demise of their child. Work Cited: Carver, Raymond. Popular Mechanics. Online July 17, 2009 http://www. uni-koeln. de/ew-fak/institut/engl/coit/essay/essayws5-6/carver. htm

Standardized tests in Illinois Essay example -- Standardized Testing Es

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Standardized tests are administered to allow reliable and valid comparisons to be made among students taking the test. Two major types of standardized tests are currently in use; norm-referenced and criterion-referenced. A norm-referenced test is a test that has been given to representative samples of students such that norms of performance are established. Each student taking the test receives a score that can be compared to the norm or normal or sample of students. The scores are then reported in percentiles. The main purpose of these tests is to rank students along a distribution of performance. Because of this tests are likely to have items that are very difficult for the grade level so students can be ranked. A criterion-referenced test looks like a norm-referenced test but multiple choice items are used and directions are standardized. The reason these tests are administered is based upon the content that all students are expected to learn. Scores are based on the amount learned by the student and a passing score is then given. These scores are not compared to other students. Standardized tests are used to show how a student is doing. They can show if a program is working well and can show if the educators are using effective teaching methods. Schools are graded to see if there overall program is helping the student to achieve their goals. In the next paragraphs I am going to explain to you about the purpose of the American College Testing Program (ACT) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Learned helplessness is a phenomenon containing three components: contingency, cognition, and behavior. Contingency addresses the uncontrollability of the situation. Cognition refers to the attributions that people make regarding their situation or surroundings of which they are a part. Behavior allows individuals to decide whether they will give up or proceed with the obstacle set before them† (Peterson, Maier, & Seligman, 1993; Firmin, Hwang, Copella, & Clark, 2004). When a student thinks about college he must take either the ACT or the SAT test to be admitted into the college. Students have a lot of decisions to make that can be stressful. Failure is an aspect that students fear and can determine whether they will succeed in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ACT was founded in 1959. A l... ...t you are allowed to guess on the ACT and on the SAT if you are unsure you want to leave it blank because getting it wrong will give you a lower score.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you are graduating high school in 2006 and beyond there will be a new SAT test. The test will contain three sections: Math, Critical Reading, and Writing. The math section will have 44 multiple-choice questions and 10 in-grid questions. You will be allowed 70 minutes to complete this section. The critical reading section will have 67 multiple-choice questions and you will be given 70 minutes to complete. The writing section has 49 multiple-choice questions and you are given 60 minutes. You are graded on Grammar, usage, and word choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The need, as we view it, is to develop a number of different alternative evaluation instruments and strategies that provide hard data but are not in the form of the standard paper-and pencil multiple-choice tests now being used in most testing programs. What we advocate are assessment instruments that support proven methods in the visual arts and also take advantage of all the newer imaging technology† (Medeja, Dom, & Sabol, 2004).

Business Law I Chapter 9 Answers Essay

1. Consideration consists of mutual exchange of gains and losses between contracting parties. In the exchange, a gain by the offer is at the same time a loss to the offeror. The legal term used to designate the gain that each party experiences is that party’s legal benefit. Consideration has three characteristics 1) The agreement must involve a bargained-for exchange; 2)the contract must involve adequate consideration; and 3) the benefits and detriments promised must themselves be legal. 2. A legal detriment can be any of the following: 1) doing something that one has a legal right not to do; 2) giving up something that one has a legal right to keep; and 3) regaining from doing something that one has a legal right to do. 3. The law will not enforce an agreement that has not been bargained for. An agreement involves a bargained-for exchange when 1) a promise is made in exchange for another promise, 2) a promise is made in exchange for an act, or 3) a promise is made for forbear ance of an act. 4. A court may refuse to enforce a contract or any clause of a contract if is considers the contract or clause unconscionable, that is, the consideration is so ridiculously inadequate that it shocks the court’s conscience. This designation usually happens when there is a great inequality in bargaining power between the two parties. 5. Consideration can be a promise not to sue. A promise not to sue, when there is right, or at least the apparent right, to sue, is enforceable when it is supported by consideration. Promising not to sue is forbearance. Acceptance of an agreement not to sue, supported by consideration, terminates one’s right to continue any lawsuit, presently or on the future, on grounds described in the agreement. 6. There are three ways that the courts can seek to uphold charitable pledges. The first way involves actual consideration, which occurs when charitable contributions are made on the condition that the promisor be remembered for the gift by having his or her name inscribed in some way on a memorial associated with the project. Another approach is to use either promissory estoppel or public policy to support the claim. Also, when there is no promise to carry out a specific project, the courts have held each pledge made is supported by the pledges of all others who have made similar pledges. This concept of consideration is used in support of all promises of money for undefined causes. 7. If a creditor accepts as full payment an  amount that is less than the amount due, the dispute has been settled by an accord and satisfaction. Accord is the implied or expressed acceptance of less than what has been billed the debtor. Satisfaction is the agreed-to settlement contained in the accord. Only if the dispute is honest, and the offer to settle made in good faith, and not superficial or trivial will the courts entertain arguments based on accord and satisfaction. 8. The agreements that be enforceable by a court of law even though they lack consideration are: a) Promises under seal – enforceable in some states for contracts not involving goods Unenforceable under UCC for contracts involving goods. b) Promises after discharge in bankruptcy – enforceable in most states. c) Promise to pay debts barred by statute of limitation – enforceable. d) Promises enforced by promissory estoppel – enforceable only if offeror knew that offeree would rely on the promise and offeree places himself in a different and difficult position as a result of that promise. e) Option – enforceable under UCC if made by a merchant, in writing, stating the time period over which the offer will remain. 9. Promissory estoppel is a legal doctrine that restricts a party from denying that a promise was made under certain conditions, even though consideration has not been exchanged to bind an agreement. To be effective, promissory estoppel requires that the party making the promise know, or be presumed to know, that the other party might otherwise make a definite and decided change of position in contemplation of those promises. In reaching this doctrine, courts have accepted the principles of justice and fairness in protecting the party receiving the promise from otherwise unrecoverable loses. 10. Shopping online is one of the fastest growing market places on record. Despite its many advantages (quick & efficient, comparison shopping, availability of hard-to-get products) , there are many difficulties: – Cyber-payment option: Wide variety of methods. One of the most popular methods is by credit/debit card. Most online sellers will accept the major credit cards such as Visa, Master Card. This type of system protects both the buyer and the seller. This process may become the most acceptable process because most of the times when people buy and sell in  cyberspace they are dealing with strangers. The online payment process eliminates the identity verification problem. This is important because one of the biggest concerns about online shopping is security. – Cyber-Payment Security Issues: the ease and efficiency of using credit/debit cards is frequently offset by the security concerns associated with their use. The US is not up-to-date as the EU in providing data and privacy protection to its consumers. The EU Data Protection Directive along with EU E-Privacy Directive guarantee the rights of European citizens while at the same time ensuring the smooth exchange of data among those nation-states that honor the privacy and data protection standards themselves. US corporations that are involved with EU corporations must demonstrate that, despite the lack of legislation in the US, the companies themselves will promise to honor the same degree of protection to data and to privacy as guaranteed by the EU. These guarantees have been labeled the Safe Harbor Principles. They are enforced by the US Department of Commerce. It is best for a consumer to check directly with the US Department of Commerce to determine the true status of a company rather than just relying on the company’s blanket assertion that they follow the safe harbor standards.

Litreature Review on Banking Essay

It was emphasized that the use of computers changes the processing, storage, retrieval and communication of financial information and may affect the accounting and internal control systems employed by a bank. The potential for human errors in the development, maintenance and execution of computer Information Systems may be greater than in manual systems, due to level of details inherent in these activities. Through audit reviews, a thorough look and understanding of IS in bank can be seen. The audit of IS would provide us general understanding of IS in bank, managing authentication of users, access control, data security, data integrity, audit 14 2. Literature Study and Analysis logs, testing, accounting entries, data migration, network and RDBMS security, business continuity and disaster recovery plans, hacking, identification of transaction for substantative checking, use of reports generated by system and documentation. The paper titled â€Å"Application of IT in Banking† by K. S. Rajashekara (2004), talked about impact analysis of IT on banking. The problem of doing proper impact analysis is due to difficulty of measuring output accurately when the quality of service is changing as a result of such factors as convenience, speed, and lower risk. Through IT, banks anticipate reduction in operating costs through such efficiencies as the streamlining back office processing and elimination of error-prone manual input of data. Owing to IT, bank can offer new products and services. Banks are able to develop and implement sophisticated risk, information management system and techniques with more powerful data storage and analysis technologies. IT has positively affected the stakeholders of bank like management, employees, and customers. Vasant Godse (2005) in paper titled â€Å"Technology: An Impact Analysis† talked about role of Information Technology in banking. Banks faced the enormous task of re-orienting their technology infrastructure towards such interactive decision support and information gathering tools, much different from transaction processing and final accounting. The impact of technology could be on relationship with information technology providers, organizational aspects, banker-customer relationship, control and supervisory aspects, new concepts and processes, which help in further gaining competitive advantage. 15 2. Literature Study and Analysis A paper titled â€Å"Information Orientation: People, Technology and the bottom line† by Donald A. Marchand, William J. Kettinger, John D. Rollins (2000), stressed upon the effective usage of information for business performance. It was stressed that IT improved business performance only if combined with competent information management and the right behaviors and values. The research was applied on banks. Banks were evaluated on three broad scales i. e. IT Practices (including IT practices for Operational support, IT for Business-process support, IT for Innovation support, IT for Managerial support); Information Management Practices (Sensing information, Collecting information, Organizing information, Processing information, Maintaining information); Information behaviours and values (Information Integrity, formality, control, sharing, transparency, proactiveness). Companies that incorporated a people-centric, rather than merely techno-centric, view of information use and that are good at all three information capabilities would improve their business performance. A paper titled â€Å"Understanding the impact of IT-based coordination on the performance of Information-intensive firms: A Gestalt approach in Banking Industry† by Yannis A. Pollalis (2003), moved towards the development of such an explanatory and predictive model of IT-based performance by distinguishing coordination) three that types impact of the organizational performance systems of integration (or nformation-intensive organizations: Technological Integration (i. e. the integration of various IT components such as data, applications telecommunications, and systems); Functional integration ( i. e. , the coordination of responsibilities and roles 16 2. Literature Study and Analysis across a firm’s value-chain activities between corporate and IT planning activities); a nd Strategic integration (i. e. effective decision-making at all levels, increased productivity and better return on investment). The organizations with coordinated elements (i. e. strategy, structure, and technology) will be more successful than uncoordinated ones. Banks were chosen as the context for the empirical phase of the study because of their high information intensity and their focus on customer service and cost management. The research indicated the existence of successful and unsuccessful patterns of integration, that is, certain combinations of technological, functional, and strategic integration might lead to better or worse performance. Strategic and Technological integration were found to be most important elements of success, which indicated the importance of consistency between echnological and strategic infrastructure. The paper titled â€Å"Learnings from Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Implementation in a Bank† by M. P. Gupta and Sonal Shukla (2004) attempted to highlight the learnings from CRM implementation in the banking sector. CRM systems were particularly relevant to ret ail financial services companies, allowing much of the management of the customer relationship to be automated with the objective of maximizing the profitability of individual customer relationships while minimizing the cost of managing those relationships. The study was supported by a case study of CRM systems in a major Japanese Bank—Bank of Mitsubishi and also a field survey of scenario in Indian banking sector. The various issues examined included organizational information, the CRM strategy, strategic changes resulting from CRM 17 2. Literature Study and Analysis implementation, implementation priorities for the banks and the factors indicating the performance after CRM implementation. The study revealed that CRM was gradually picking up and was definitely considered as a viable proposition by banks in improving services to their customers. One of the major challenges experienced during implementing CRM was resistance to change. To get CRM to work, high commitment was required in those who were implementing it. The paper titled â€Å"Impact of Information Technology on the Indian Banking Sector† by Harmeen K. Soch and H. S. Sandhu (2003) emphasized that impact of IT on banking was so radical that it would be a key determinant of success or failure in the industry, a key determinant of whether banks as a recognizable grouping continue to exist, and a key determinant of the differentiation between competitors in financial services.